Larger field programmable gate array (FPGA) configuration memories and shrinking design rules have raised concerns about single event upsets (SEUs), especially for highreliability, high-availability systems that use FPGAs. We present a design for the on-line detection and correction of SEUs in the configuration memory of Xilinx Virtex-4 and Virtex-5 FPGAs. The design corrects all single-bit err...

As we enter the deep submicron era, the steadily shrinking feature sizes make charge sharing much easier among physically adjacent nodes in integrated circuits, which ultimately results in DNU (Double Nodes Upset). In this paper, we propose a 16-transistor memory cell. Hspice simulation shows this cell maintains its original logic status under SNU (Single Node Upset) and DNU, while DICE (Dual I...

Shrinking cities are widespread throughout the world despite the rapidly increasing global urban population. These cities are attempting to transition to sustainable trajectories to improve the health and well-being of urban residents, to build their capacity to adapt to changing conditions and to cope with major events. The dynamics of shrinking cities are different than the dynamics of growin...

We prove that a Schauder frame for any separable Banach space is shrinking if and only if it has an associated space with a shrinking basis, and that a Schauder frame for any separable Banach space is shrinking and boundedly complete if and only if it has a reflexive associated space. To obtain these results, we prove that the upper and lower estimate theorems for finite dimensional decompositi...

Energy concerns push AI optimizations to the edge.