Au nanoparticles and films are deposited onto clean graphene surfaces to study the doping effect of different Au configurations. Micro-Raman spectra show that both the doping type and level of graphene can be tuned by fine control of the Au deposition. The morphological structures of Au on graphene are imaged by transmission electron microscopy, which indicate a size-dependent electrical charac...

Objectives: Doping use is an ongoing concern in both competitive and recreational sports. The present study set out to investigate the effects of a self-affirmation intervention on the decision-making process relevant to doping among elite athletes who were doping users. Design: A between subject experimental design was employed. Method: Sixty competitive athletes using doping substances took p...

The doping of phosphorus (P) provides an additional means to control the optical properties of silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs). The P-doping-induced changes in the optical properties of Si NCs, however, have not been consistently understood. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we explain the P-doping-induced infrared absorption of Si NCs and the effect of P-doping on the light emission...

A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing the behavior of defects and impurities is essential to control doping in semiconductors. Wide-band-gap semiconductors, in particular, often exhibit doping-related problems. We discuss how rst-principles theoretical techniques can be applied to the calculation of formation energies and concentrations of native defects and dopant impurities....

The detection of doping with recombinant peptide and protein hormones (e.g. human growth hormone -hGH, erythropoietin Epo) is one of the most challenging analytical problems in doping control. Rapid metabolic degradation paired with a low medical dosing strategy reduces the time window for a successful direct detection by immunological methods in the case of hGH to just a few hours after the la...

One of the fundamental challenges in anti-doping is identifying athletes who use, or are at risk of using, prohibited performance enhancing substances. The growing trend to employ a forensic approach to doping control aims to integrate information from social sciences (e.g., psychology of doping) into organised intelligence to protect clean sport. Beyond the foreseeable consequences of a positi...

Scaling the Si MOSFET is revisited. Requirements on subthreshold leakage control force conventional scaling to use high doping as the device dimension penetrates into the deep-submicrometer regime, leading to undesirable large junction capacitance and degraded mobility. By studying the scaling of fully depleted SO1 devices, we note the important concept of controlling horizontal leakage through...

A technique for doping of porous films by surface adsorption of ions from aqueous solution is demonstrated. Fabrication of the films by use of the solgel technique gives a nanometer-scale porosity, which provides high doping levels and homogeneity. Doping through a masking layer patterned by photolithography is thus possible. With Pb as a dopant, lead silicate films with refractive indices of 1...

Hybrid density functional theory is used to gain insights into the interaction of intrinsic vacancies (V) and oxygen-vacancy pairs (VO, known as A-centres) with the dopants (D) germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb) in silicon (Si). We determine the structures as well as binding and formation energies of the DVO and DV complexes. The results are discussed in terms of the density of states and ...

OBJECTIVES Motivation in sport has been frequently identified as a key factor of young athletes' intention of doping in sport, but there has not been any attempt in scrutinizing the motivational mechanism involved. The present study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to explain the relationship between motivation in a sport context and motivation and the social-cognitive factors (...