A multi-divisional firm can engage in ”winner-picking” to redistribute scarce funds efficiently across divisions. But there is a conflict between rewarding winners (investing) and producing resources with which to reward winners (incentives). Managers in winning divisions are tempted to free-ride on resources produced by managers in loosing divisions whose incentives to produce resources, antic...

data envelopment analysis (dea) measures the relative efficiency of decision making units (dmus) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. dea-based malmquist productivity index measures the productivity change over time. we propose a dynamic dea model involving network structure in each period within the framework a dea. we have previously published the network dea (ndea) and the dynamic dea ...