This study aimed to investigate differences in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities between disturbed sites and undisturbed old forest sites. ECM root tips of Pinus densiflora were collected from 4 sites disturbed by human activities and 3 undisturbed old forest sites adjacent to the disturbed sites. Results in this study showed that the number of ECM root tips, species diversity, and numbe...

This work provides the first detailed investigation of the disturbed diffusion scheme FOS/C introduced in [17] as a type of diffusion distance measure within a graph partitioning framework related to Lloyd’s k-means algorithm [14]. After outlining connections to distance measures proposed in machine learning, we show that FOS/C can be related to random walks despite its disturbance. Its converg...

Objective of the Review: To discuss changes in intestinal microbiota various diseases. Key Points. Microbial imbalance plays an important role pathogenesis and/or progression a number diseases, namely Clostridium difficile-associated disorders, inflammations, obesity, colorectal cancer, autistic disorders and other. Moreover, therapies involving faecal transplantation, use pro- prebiotics, meta...