In District Heating (DH), a large number of buildings are heated from a central source by conveying steam or hot water through a network of insulated pipes. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) signifies the controlled combustion of municipal solid wastes to generate electrical and thermal energy in a power plant. Both technologies have been developed simultaneously and are used widely in Europe. In the Unite...

Metropolitan areas are large consumers of energy and there is a growing need to broaden the urban sustainable energy diapason and increase the share of renewable and sustainable energy in overall energy consumption. This is especially important in countries such as Serbia that have limited domestic fossil fuel resources and rely on energy imports, from the environmental, financial and energy se...

This paper aims to evaluate the accuracy and strength of a new approach that automatically calculates the heating demand of whole district areas, modelled in 3D with the open standard CityGML. For this purpose, two residential districts in Ludwigsburg and Karlsruhe have been chosen as case studies. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, the simulation results were compared to real measured cons...

The control of heat exchange stations in district heating system is critical for the overall energy efficiency and can be very difficult due to high level of complexity. A conventional method is to control the equipment such that the temperature of hot water supply is maintained at a set-point that may be a fixed value or be compensated against the external temperature. This paper presents a no...