Described in an analysis of the cost to the Ministry of Health of providing district health services in Malawi, with particular emphasis on the district hospital. District resource allocation patterns were assessed by carefully disaggregating district costs by level of care and hospital department. A strikingly low proportion of district recurrent costs was absorbed by salaries and wages (27-39...

Background: Successful waste management programs are linked to internal factors, SW (strength and weakness points), and external factors, OT (opportunities and threats), and at the macro level are grounds for sustainable development. Studies may be related to David’s study which presented a method to quantify strength, weakness, opportunity, threats (SWOT) analysis. Methods: In this study...

Guoqing Zhou 1,*, Tao Yue 1,*, Yujun Shi 2, Rongting Zhang 3 and Jingjin Huang 3 1 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Geospatial Informatics, Guilin University of Technology, No. 12, Jian’gan Road, Qixing District, Guilin 541004, China 2 Guangxi Institute of Surveying and Remote Sensing Information, No. 5, Jianzheng Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530023, China; [email protected] 3 The Center for Re...

OBJECTIVE To describe trends of felony sexual abuse prosecutions between 1992 and 2002 for two districts of a large urban city that differed primarily in their use of children's advocacy centers (CACs) for sexual abuse evaluations in children. METHODS Aggregate data for two districts of a large urban city were provided from 1992 to 2002 from the district attorney's office, child protective se...

BACKGROUND In most countries of the sub-Saharan Africa, health care needs have been increasing due to emerging and re-emerging health problems. However, the supply of health care resources to address the problems has been continuously declining, thus jeopardizing the progress towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals. Namibia is no exception to this. It is therefore nece...

OBJECTIVES We examined findings from a randomized controlled intervention trial designed to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV in Thailand. METHODS A total of 507 people living with HIV were recruited from 4 district hospitals in northern and northeastern Thailand and were randomized to an intervention group (n = 260) or a standard care group (n = 247). Computer-assisted pe...

In response to increasing high school graduation requirements along with emerging skills in the workforce, the focus of career academies has evolved from one of keeping students enrolled in high school through graduation to a more robust preparation for college and careers for all students. This new focus may have resulted in a demographic shift in the students participating in career academies...

BACKGROUND Mid-level medical workers play an important role in health systems and hold great potential for addressing the human resource shortage, especially in low- and middle-income countries. South Africa began the production of its first mid-level medical workers - known as clinical associates - in small numbers in 2008. OBJECTIVE We describe the way in which scopes of practice and course...

introduction vulnerability is a term used to show the amount and extent of damage and the losses caused by natural disasters in different communities (social, formal-physical, etc.). vulnerabilities is identified as the sensitivity of the environment against the hazards. from among natural disasters, earthquakes can have a vast scope of losses for desert regions. therefore, in order to reduce a...

Precipitation is the main water source for vegetation survival in arid and semi-arid areas. However, previous studies always focus on the effects of precipitation in different time scales, but ignore the effects of precipitation in different spatial scales. To further study the effects of precipitation fluctuation in different spatial scales, we used the wavelet analysis method to analyze its t...