In order to reduce the cost pressure on cold-chain logistics brought by the carbon tax policy, this paper investigates optimization of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with time windows for cold-chain logistics based on carbon tax in China. Then, a green and low-carbon cold chain logistics distribution route optimization model with minimum cost is constructed. Taking the lowest cost as the objecti...

this research aims to study the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company. the relationship between the components of quality costs and quality in company has been studied separately for materials, manpower, machinery, and whole of company. in this study, traditional method was used to collect quality costs and paf model was used to determine the components of ...

Distribution network design as a strategic decision has long-term effect on tactical and operational supply chain management. In this research, the location-allocation problem is studied under demand uncertainty. The purposes of this study were to specify the optimal number and location of distribution centers and to determine the allocation of customer demands to distribution centers. The m...

this study aimed at identifying components of the household health costs.this study was a qualitative research conducted in two main phases. the first phase consisted of interviews with sample households selected in eight provinces of iran. they were to identify components of the household health costs. in the second phase, components were determined as direct, indirect and intangible based on ...

the paper tries to present an improved mathematical model for distribution companies (discos) in order to solve distribution network expansion planning (dnep) problems in the presence of certain resources of distributed generations (dgs) entitled small scale gas engines in the medium voltage grids. with the aim of minimizing investment and operation costs, the recommended model combines a compr...

In this paper, a bi-objective pharmaceutical supply chain network under uncertainty demand and transportation costs is modeled and developed. To control the uncertainty parameters, the robust optimization method is considering. The main objective of this paper determines the number and location of potential facilities such as drug manufacture centers and drug distribution centers by considering...