laser forming is a modern process which is mainly used for forming metals. different lasers are used in this regard that includes nd: yag and co2. in this study, forming bi-layer sheets of aluminum/ceramic by laser was investigated. furthermore, effect of uniform and gaussian heat flux distribution in different power, velocity, and beam diameters on bending angle was studied. fem simulation ind...

many environmental and physiological factors affect plant temperature. the objective of this study was to use thermal imagery to investigate robust features for early diagnosis of botrytis cinerea infection in cut rose flowers under the postharvest application of methyl jasmonate (meja). three cases treated with different concentrations of meja (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 µl.l−1), a control (0 µl.l−1 me...

This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger cryptographic context, i.e., for it to remain secure when composed with other secure protocols. We then derive the corresponding security criterion for QKD. W...

We give some characterizations of the exponential distribution based on the distributional properties and the expected values of record values; the index of record values has the geometric distribution.

Closed-form approximations for the density and cumulative distribution function of the doubly noncentral t distribution are developed based on saddlepoint methods. They exhibit remarkable accuracy throughout the entire support of the distribution and are vastly superior to existing approximations. An application in finance is considered which capitalizes on the enormous increase in computationa...

Recent advances in quantum key distribution (QKD) have given rise to systems that operate at transmission periods significantly shorter than the dead times of their component single-photon detectors. As systems continue to increase in transmission rate, security concerns associated with detector dead times can limit the production rate of sifted bits. We present a model of highspeed QKD in this...

It is often claimed that the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is guaranteed by the laws of physics. However, this claim is content-free if the underlying theoretical definition of QKD is not actually compatible with the laws of physics. This paper observes that (1) the laws of physics pose serious obstacles to the security of QKD and (2) the same laws are ignored in all QKD “security ...

Based on the probability generating function of stuttering Poisson distribution (SPD), this paper considers some equivalent propositions of SPD. From this, we show that some distributions in the application of non-life insurance actuarial science are SPD, such as negative binomial distribution, compound Poisson distribution etc.. By weakening condition of equivalent propositions of SPD, we defi...

In our continuous variable quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme, the homodyne detection set-up requires balancing the intensity of an incident beam between two photodiodes. Realistic lens systems are insufficient to provide a spatially stable focus in the presence of large spatial beam-jitter caused by atmospheric transmission. We therefore present an improved geometry for optical tapers which...