In most real life situations we are not only confronted with one single source of risk or one single risk, but with several sources of risk or combinations of risks. An important question is whether individual risks influence each other or not. This may concern the time of their occurrence and/or their severity. In other words, we need to understand how to model and describe the dependence stru...

Rejecting the temptation to make up a list of necessary and sufficient conditions for diagrammatic and sentential systems, we present an important distinction which arises from sentential and diagrammatic features of systems. Importantly, the distinction we will explore in the paper lies at a meta-level. That is, we argue for a major difference in metatheory between diagrammatic and sentential ...

Abstract Lady Lovelace’s notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine (1843) never refer to the concept of surprise. Having some pretension ‘originate’ something—unlike Engine—is neither necessary nor sufficient being able surprise someone. Turing nevertheless translates ‘this machine is incapable originating something’ in terms a hypothetical ‘computers cannot take us by surprise’ objection idea that ...

In 2015, the American Law Institute (ALI) launched an effort to develop a Restatement of Copyright Law, project still mired in controversy both because statutory nature copyright law and deep, abiding ideological disagreements about policy. The ALI drafting group had worked through several versions some sections draft by late 2020; handful these have been approved Council are ready go before ...