A kind of Gd@C82 salt, Gd@C82/TBPA, was prepared through chemical oxidation. The Gd@C82/TBPA salt was characterized as being paramagnetic with an effective magnetic moment of 9.68μB. The Gd@C82/TBPA salt dissolves in many organic solvents and its high solubility will make it more applicable for use as a magnetic material.

Abstract. Mineral dust is the largest source of aerosol iron (Fe) to offshore global ocean, but acidic processing coal fly ash (CFA) in atmosphere could be an important soluble Fe. Here, we determined Fe speciation and dissolution kinetics CFA from Aberthaw (United Kingdom), Krakow (Poland), Shandong (China) solutions which simulate atmospheric processing. In PM10 fractions, 8 %–21.5 % total wa...

Article history: Received 12 December 2007 Received in revised form 22 July 2008 Available online 6 September 2008 Communicated by Y. Ma

Based on the calculations of model elementary crystal cell γ‑iron, it is shown that carbon ions cannot be present in its open pores. Carbon Fe‑C alloys dissolves and distributes mainly as graphite nanocrystals. In steel austenite, found nanocrystals iron‑carbon complexes. cast iron

“Quantum holonomy” as defined by Berry and Simon, and based on the parallel transport of Bott and Chern, can be considerably extended. There is a natural “parallelity” W*dW = (dW)* W within the Hilbert--Schmidt operators W This defines parallelity and holonomy along curves of density operators e = WW*. There is an intrinsic nonlinearity in the parallel transport which dissolves for curves of pr...

Bubbling to the surface: Microscale gas bubbles can be generated in a microfluidic device by simultaneously injecting CO(2) and a dispersion of particles whose hydrophobicity increases as the pH value decreases. The CO(2) dissolves rapidly out of the bubbles, which shrink, and render the dispersion increasingly acidic. This drives the particles to the bubble surface where they form a type of "a...

In this paper we argue that the formalisms for decoherence originally devised to deal just with closed or open systems can be subsumed under a general conceptual framework, in such a way that they cooperate in the understanding of the same physical phenomenon. This new perspective dissolves certain conceptual difficulties of the einselection program but, at the same time, shows that the opennes...

The tree of life is inherently fractal. Look closely at one lineage of a phylogeny and it dissolves into many separate lineages, and so on down to a very fine scale. There is now a great body of phylogenetic research that has provided numerous tools applicable at particular, usually fairly constrained, scales. These tools have left many phylogenetic questions unanswered. We think these question...