This paper introduces a new dataset of commodity-specific, bilateral import data for four large Asian economies in the interwar period: China, Dutch East Indies, India and Japan. It uses these to describe trade collapses concerned. These resembled post-2008 Great Trade Collapse some respects but not others: they occurred along intensive margin, imports cars were particularly badly affected, dur...

Abstract Existing reinforced concrete structures designed according to previous generation seismic codes, often suffer from premature, abrupt and detrimental failures in cases of intense earthquakes. In this study the response an existing building is analytically investigated while taking into account influence different detailing brick wall infills. The assessment performed with 3D static inel...

the dynamic response of a transversely isotropic, linearly elastic layer bonded to the surface of a half-space of a different transversely isotropic material under arbitrary shape surface loads is considered. with the help of displacements and stresses green’s functions, an analytical formulation is presented for the determination of the displacements and stresses at any point in both surface l...

Valuation has an externality: it creates information on which adverse selection can occur. We study a market in which investors (or lenders) buy uncertain future cash flows that are ex ante identical but ex post heterogeneous across assets from sellers (or borrowers) with reservation values. There exists a limited amount of a costly technology that can be purchased before the market opens that ...

We introduce the theory of strong homotopy types of simplicial complexes. Similarly to classical simple homotopy theory, the strong homotopy types can be described by elementary moves. An elementary move in this setting is called a strong collapse and it is a particular kind of simplicial collapse. The advantage of using strong collapses is the existence and uniqueness of cores and their relati...

a prerequisite to seismic hazard assessment is to have knowledge of historical and prehistorical earthquakes. to obtain such data, researchers have already practiced different methods including historical seismology, paleoseismology, and recently archaeoseismology. archaeoseismology is a multidisciplinary approach which ideally tries to find the age, epicenter, and magnitude of past earthquakes...