Preliminary evidence suggests that pain catastrophizing in children may be important in understanding how parents respond to their child's pain. However, no study has investigated whether parental responses, in turn, moderate the impact of child's catastrophizing upon pain outcomes. The present study was designed to address this, and investigated the association of the child's catastrophizing w...

OBJECTIVES Typical measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES), such as father's occupation, have limited the ability to elucidate mechanisms by which childhood SES affects adult health. Mechanisms could include schooling experiences or work opportunities. Having previously used qualitative methods for concept development, we developed new retrospective measures of multiple domains of chil...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Substance use and risk-taking are common during emerging adulthood, a transitional period when peer influences often increase and family influences decrease. Investigating relationships between social network features and substance use can inform community-based prevention programs. This study investigated whether substance use among emerging adults living in disadvantaged u...

A survey of 100 women in the south of London, United Kingdom (UK) compared exercise barrier intensities between non-exercising younger (20-27 years) and older (28-35 years) adult women; and examined childcare duties as perceived barriers to exercise. Perceived barriers to exercise were examined using an Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) comprising four subscales (exercise milieu; time exp...

The present research (N = 841) investigated attributions to gender discrimination in hiring with four overall aims in mind: contrasting the two explanations of prototypes vs. same-gender bias; estimating accuracy in perceived discrimination; looking into the consequences for the observer's work-seeking discouragement; and examining whether prototype effects and their consequences are resistant ...

High-School human capital investment occurs within a competitive environment, and Affirmative Action (AA) shapes the relative competition between blacks and whites for admission to high-quality colleges. We present a theory of AA in university admissions and conduct a field experiment to mimic aspects of competition for college. We offer relative incentives to study math and track students’ tim...

In 1995, Harold E. Varmus, who was then the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), convened the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical Research. The panel was charged with making recommendations to foster the NIH’s support of clinical research, a field that was pervaded by discouragement and believed to be in jeopardy. 1-4 The panel met between July 1995 and November 1997, when it issue...

During our whole life, we spend so much energy on thoughts to obtain what we consider essential for a so called “perfect life” with no suffering. We wish the brand-new car model, fancy clothes that hide the body we are not proud of, save money for plastic surgeries to correct imperfections and overwork. On the opposite way of all that we seek, something unexpected, like a disease can happen. Ca...

(Fam Med 2006;38(3):162-3.) If you majored in the humanities in college, or took a literature survey course, or just like to read classic stories, you’ll recognize that my column title is a repetition of the first two phrases of Charles Dickens’ novel, A Tale of Two Cities. Dickens’ subject in that stirring book is the French Revolution, with all its attendant promise and its very real dangers....

Extending the working life of older workers has been identified as an important policy goal in the context of an ageing society. However, existing research has highlighted the role of job separation and labour force discouragement for older worker labour force outcomes. In contrast, research of older worker job mobility is scant except that it has been established that older workers have lower ...