This paper presents a novel local threshold algorithm for the binarization of document images. Stroke width of handwritten and printed characters in documents is utilized as the shape feature. As a result, in addition to the intensity analysis, the proposed algorithm introduces the stroke width as shape information into local thresholding. Experimental results for both synthetic and practical d...

In this paper, we propose a text detection method based on a feature vector generated from connected components produced via the stroke width transform. Several properties, such as variant directionality of gradient of text edges, high contrast with background, and geometric properties of text components jointly with the properties found by the stroke width transform are considered in the forma...

Signboards and billboards provide a challenge to image seg¬mentation methods, since these images may also have pictures and graphical objects, apart from text objects. Methods that often succeed in more traditional text block segmentation situations do not perform well here since estimation of text lines and character widths etc fail due to the short sample sizes. Further, extraction of charact...

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We numerically and experimentally demonstrated highly directional emission from photonic crystals (PCs). Our structures comprise branched waveguide channels with a periodic doubling scheme. An incident electromagnetic wave can be first split into multiple beams using PC waveguide structures. The beams were then emitted at the output waveguide ports of the PC with the same phase, which resulted ...

Directional tuning is a basic functional property of cell activity in the motor cortex. Previous work has indicated that cells with similar preferred directions are organized in columns perpendicular to the cortical surface. Here we show that these columns are organized in an orderly fashion in the tangential dimension on the cortical surface. Based on a large number of microelectrode penetrati...

A polarization splitter and rotator (PSR) based on a tapered directional coupler with relaxed fabrication tolerance is proposed and demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The device is simply constructed by parallel-coupling a narrow silicon waveguide with a linearly tapered wider waveguide. Compared to previously reported PSRs based on a normal directional coupler, which suffer fro...

The proposed technique processes coincident or nearly coincident microphone stereo recordings to change the angle between and the width of the directional responses of the microphones effectively. Through this modification of the responses the width and spaciousness of the stereo recording can be controlled without introducing any artificial reverberation into the recording. The algorithm is ba...

The directional control of reaching after stroke was simulated by including cell death and firing-rate noise in a population vector model of movement control. In this model, cortical activity was assumed to cause the hand to move in the direction of a population vector, defined by a summation of responses from neurons with cosine directional tuning. Two types of directional error were analyzed:...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether patterns of dysphagia and swallowing laterality differ according to the location of brain lesions in patients with stroke. METHODS Patients with stroke >20 years of age were enrolled in this study. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) including the anterior-posterior view was used to assess swallowing. Patterns of swallowing were classified into three t...