Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was cond...

Tank water heaters (WHs) are present in a prevailing number of European households. Serving as energy buffers WHs have come under the spotlight of various direct load control (DLC) programs over the last few decades. Although DLC has proven to be an efficient measure towards daily peak demand shaving, the payback effect might lead to a new peak in the grid. This payback phenomenon takes place e...

the purpose of load frequency control is to reduce transient oscillation frequencies than its nominal valueand achieve zero steady-state error for it.a common technique used in real applications is to use theproportional integral controller (pi). but this controller has a longer settling time and a lot of extramutation in output response of system so it required that the parameters be adjusted ...

this study proposes a combination of a fuzzy sliding mode controller (fsmc) with integral-proportion-derivative switching surface based superconducting magnetic energy storage (smes) and pid tuned by a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the load frequency control in power systems. the goal of design is to improve the dynamic response of power systems after load demand changes. in t...

abstract in this paper, a fuzzy pid with new structure is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. in this study, a new structure and effective of the fuzzy pid-type load frequency control (lfc) is proposed to solve the load frequency control in interconnected power systems. the main objective is to eliminate the deviations in the frequency of different area...

Time-of-use and real-time spot pricing tariffs in conjunction with direct load control of water heaters was offered to residential electricity consumers in a large-scale demand response experiment. Hourly data from the experiment on consumption, temperature, wind, and hours of daylight comprise a large panel data set, which are analysed with a fixed effects regression model. Price responses are...