Each day, a large amount of different kinds of digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and discharged into the gut to digest the food [1, 2]. Among these enzymes, those such as amylase are made in the pancreas as the active form. However, digestive enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin are initially created in pancreas in the form of non-active zymogens as trypsinogen and chymotrypsin...

Beneficial effects of a sodium butyrate source on growth performance, intestinal bacterial communities, digestive enzymes, immune responses and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Spices have long been recognized for their digestive stimulant action. Several spices are also employed in medicinal preparations against digestive disorders in traditional and Indian systems of medicine. Earlier reports on the digestive stimulant action of spices are largely empirical; only in recent years, this beneficial attribute of spices has been authenticated in exhaustive animal studies...

The digestive physiology of the germ-free animal has a number of characteristics (cecal hypertrophy, slower small intestine cell renewal, slower gastric emptying and intestinal transit) which distinguish it from that of the conventional animal. If the germ-free model is to be used to determine the role of gastrointestinal microflora in the nutrition of the conventional animal, it is essential t...

The exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, fluid, and bicarbonate in response to food ingestion. This is a critical digestive process that is regulated by neural reflexes, gastrointestinal hormones, and absorbed nutrients. Secretion is highly regulated by both stimulatory and inhibitory influences that coordinate the delivery of digestive enzymes with food emptying into the intestine to ...

Organisms need to assess their nutritional state and adapt their digestive capacity to the demands for various nutrients. Modulation of digestive enzyme production represents a rational step to regulate nutriment uptake. However, the role of digestion in nutrient homeostasis has been largely neglected. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism underlying glucose repression of digestive enzymes i...

Bacteria play many important roles in animal digestive systems, including the provision of enzymes critical to digestion. Typically, complex communities of bacteria reside in the gut lumen in direct contact with the ingested materials they help to digest. Here, we demonstrate a previously undescribed digestive strategy in the wood-eating marine bivalve Bankia setacea, wherein digestive bacteria...