OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The majority of multiple sclerosis patients experience impaired walking ability, which impacts quality of life. Timed 25-foot walk is commonly used to gauge gait impairment but results can be broadly variable. Objective biological markers that correlate closely with patients' disability are needed. Diffusion tensor imaging, quantifying fiber tract integrity, might provide s...

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory demyelination and irreversible axonal injury leading to permanent neurological disabilities. Diffusion tensor imaging demonstrates an improved capability over standard magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate axon from myelin pathologies. However, the increased cellularity and vasogenic oedema associated with inflammation cannot be detected...

OBJECTIVE Diffusion imaging techniques such as DTI and HARDI are difficult to implement in infants because of their sensitivity to subject motion. A short acquisition time is generally preferred, at the expense of spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Before estimating the local diffusion model, most pre-processing techniques only register diffusion-weighted volumes, without correcting ...

BACKGROUND Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury. Diffusion tensor imaging has been applied to assess various kinds of spinal cord injury. However, it has rarely been used to evaluate the beneficial effects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation ...

Diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DWI/DTI) has revolutionized clinical neuroimaging. Pathology may be detected earlier and with greater specificity than with conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences. In addition, DWI/DTI allows exploring the microarchitecture of the brain. A detailed knowledge of the basics of DWI/DTI is mandatory to better understand pathology encounter...

PHILIPP HENDRIX, CHRISTOPH J. GRIESSENAUER, JULIEN COHEN-ADAD, SHANMUGANATHAN RAJASEKARAN, KEITH A. CAULEY, MOHAMMADALI M. SHOJA, PARHAM PEZESHK, AND R. SHANE TUBBS Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, ...

SUMMARY Conventional MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging were performed in a 5-month-old male patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. On conventional T2-weighted MR images, symmetric, confluent high signal intensity was found in the temporoparietal white matter. A large lactate peak and decreased N-acetylaspartate were found in this region...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that in vivo visualises random translational movement of water molecules. DTI has inherent difficulties with low signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity to patient motion, field inhomogeneities and fast T2 relaxation. It has been used in the central nervous system, although it has not been assessed in the peripheral nervous sys...

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides a method of noninvasive tissue characterization that is unique and complementary to other imaging techniques. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DTI-based fiber tracking (“tractography”) have enabled unprecedented, in vivo visualization of individual WM tracts and their relationships with cerebral pathology. DWI has already revolutionized the imaging of...

AD Axial diffusivity ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder BET Brain extraction tool CSF Cerebrospinal fluid DKI Diffusion kurtosis imaging DTI Diffusion tensor imaging DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging FA Fractional anisotropy MD Trace, mean diffusivity MRI Magnetic resonance imaging RD Radial diffusivity ROI Region of interest TBSS Tract-based spatial s...