according to the content of the traditions that later on became renowned as “traditions of exposition” (‘arḍ) in the language of the legal theorists and jurists, the traditions whose issuance by the infallibles is suspicious are exposed to the holy qur’ān and are at least rejected in case they are opposed by the qur’ān. these traditions, that are among the sound and valid traditions in the shī‘...

the written works of ibn bābawayh (shaykh ṣadūq), head of the traditionists and the distinguished figure of shī‘ī ḥadīth in fourth/tenth century, had amounted to 300 books and treatises. a proficient scholar, he has standards and criteria in the field of ḥadīth in general and in criticizing ḥadīth in particular that incorporate approaches and patterns as a guide map and a role model. in order t...

We discuss image reconstruction algorithms for diffuse optical tomography that allow utilization of extremely large data sets. Image reconstruction is performed with experimental data obtained with the use of a CCD camera-based noncontact imager. We demonstrate that more than 10 measurements can be acquired and utilized. This is two orders of magintude or more larger than the data sets which ar...

Scholarship and implementation in information and communication technologies for development (ICTD/ICT4D) have seen an exponential increase over the past decade. In spite of enormous headway in both research and application, ICTD lacks a clear unified framework that can guide contextually grounded user-focussed design of ICT. This shortcoming results largely from the field’s unusual placement a...

A fundamental concern in music information research is the use of appropriate data sets, research corpora, from which to perform the needed data processing tasks. These corpora have to be suited for the specific research problems to be addressed and the design criteria with which to create them is a research task to which not much attention has been paid. In the CompMusic project we are studyin...

After the boom of pharmacological research during the 1950s, mainly as a result of the screening technique, the identification of active molecules, their reshaping by means of pharmaco-chemical drug design, and the creation of extremely efficacious and successful medicines, the pharmaceutical world sought a new source of inspiration. Such biota as the tropical forest, a quantity of plants credi...