The prediction uncertainty of a hydrologic model is closely related to model formulation and the uncertainties in model parameters and inputs. Currently, the foremost challenges concern not only whether hydrologic model outputs match observations, but also whether or not model predictions are meaningful and useful in the contexts of land use and climate change. The latter is difficult to determ...

Error characterization is vital for the advancement of precipitation algorithms, the evaluation of numerical model outputs, and their integration in various hydro-meteorological applications. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) has been a benchmark for successive Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) based products. This has given way to...

[1] The stream power erosion law, which describes the erosion rate as a function of channel discharge and gradient, has often been used for modeling landscape evolution in regions dominated by fluvial processes. However, most previous studies utilizing the stream power erosion law simply use drainage area as a surrogate for channel discharge. Despite its convenience this simplification has impo...

introduction: the phenomenon of climate change and its consequences is a familiar topic which is associated with natural disasters such as, flooding, hurricane, drought that cause water crisis and irreparable damages. studying this phenomenon is a serious warning regarding the earth’s weather change for a long period of time. materials and methods: in order to understand and survey the impacts ...

drought is one of the most important weather-induced phenomena which may have severe impacts on different areas such as agriculture, economy, energy production, and society. a number of drought indices have been introduced and used in various countries to date. in the current study, four meteorological drought indices including percent of normal precipitation index (pnpi), standard index of ann...

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique has been used for the estimation of precipitation, mainly from passive and active microwave measurements from space. ANN has been used to estimate precipitation using TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. A precipitation algorithm designed to generate rainfall estimates using a combination of TMI and T...