Since the eshablishment of p-aminobenzoic acid as a member of the B vitamin group, a considerable interest has been shown in methods of determination in natural materials. Since known chemical methods are not sufficiently sensitive, it became evident that microbiological tests should be the most practicable. The organism Clostridium acetobutylicum has been used (I) but no general assay procedur...

During the course of some physiological studies with Acetobacter melanogenum it became necessary to investigate the nutritional requirements of several isolates in considerable detail. Grey and Tatum (1944) already had described a minimal medium for growth of one isolate of this species. However, since only one isolate was studied and the nutritional observations were made more or less incident...

The evolution of supply chain management and practice has had an integral and expanding role in contemporary global economic and socio-political change over the past 25 years or so. This role is moving closer to centre stage with the emergence of business models equating to ‘total product systems’. The impacts of advanced supply chain practice include driving fundamental changes in approach to ...

This paper is companion to Y. Freeman’s and P. Lessner’s paper [1] introducing a new Flawless Technology with Simulated Breakdown Screening, (F-TECH) for manufacturing MnO2 style Tantalum (Ta) capacitors. This paper focuses on the impact that the end-user’s manufacturing processes have on reliability of Solid Ta capacitors. It demonstrates that depending on the end-user’s techniques and conditi...

“Aprioristic passive attitude”: this is the mode that correctly defines the standard approach to gastric cancer patients presenting with hepatic metastases. This behaviour is deeply motivated by the aggressive biology of the disease that so often frustrates any therapeutic approach. In fact, at diagnosis liver metastases are often multiple and associated to other extra-hepatic metastatic sites ...

This paper seeks to understand how industrialization is distributed geographically when capital is mobile and labor is not. A stylized model of a spatial economy is constructed where individuals not employed in industry work in traditional activities. Results show that convergence across locations is characterized by a succession of catching-up episodes. One one location at a time industrialize...

The concept of embeddedness has gained much prominence in economic geography over the last decade, as much work has been done on the social and organisational foundations of economic activities and regional development. Unlike the original conceptualisations, however, embeddedness is mostly conceived of as a 'spatial' concept related to the local and regional levels of analysis. By re-visiting ...

There is growing awareness that the SMEs in a value chain are strongly disadvantaged due to asymmetries of information and power in the chain, with few opportunities of upgrading. However, it is argued that technological innovation and the advent of the Internet have diminished many of these asymmetries between larger and smaller actors. This paper intends to offer an outline of the global tour...

Hier wird die automatische Transformation einer Power-Builder Applikation aus den 90er Jahren mit einer Zwei-Schichten-Client/Server-Architektur in ein modernes Java-Anwendungssystem mit drei Architekturschichten geschildert. Neben der Umsetzung der Power-Builder GUI-Oberflächen in Java-SWT Oberflächen wird die Verarbeitungslogik aus den PowerBuilder Thick-Client Modulen entfernt und in Java Tr...

This paper offers an organizational perspective on the firm in new economic geographies. It starts with the premise of the firm as a production function in neoclassical economics and a cost minimisation device in transaction cost economics. By pointing out the inadequacy in these mainstream economic perspectives on the firm, I draw upon recent behavioral and managerial theories to develop a rel...