health reforms that emphasize public health and improvements in primary care can be cost-effective measures to achieve health improvements, especially in developing countries that face severe resource constraints. in their paper “shanghai rising: health improvements as measured by avoidable mortality since 2000,” gusmano et al suggest that shanghai’s health policy-makers have been successful in...

UNLABELLED Brazil was the first developing country to provide free, universal access to antiretroviral treatment for AIDS patients. The Brazilian experience thus provides the first evidence regarding the impact of such treatment on the survival of perinatally acquired AIDS cases in the developing world. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study used medical record reviews to examin...

От переводчика С разрешения авторов мы перевели первую главу их книги, и один из них (В. В.) смог найти время и просмотреть первые семь страниц перевода. Текст главы оказался весьма непривычным, а потому трудным для перевода, и мы совсем не уверены, что в нём не осталось ошибок. Надеемся, что В. В. сможет со временем просмотреть и исправить оставшуюся часть перевода, после чего можно будет данн...

The rate of urbanization in developing countries, defined as the speed with which a population shifts from rural to urban areas, is among the highest in the world. The disproportionate number of citizens that live in a small numbers of cities places incredible pressure on the largest cities in these countries, which may already be faced with limited resources, weak industrialization, and underd...

Municipal infrastructure is a fundamental facility for the normal operation and development of an urban city and is of significance for the stable progress of sustainable urbanization around the world, especially in developing countries. Based on the municipal infrastructure data of the prefecture-level cities in China, municipal infrastructure development is assessed comprehensively using a FA...

The efforts made to plan cities in emerging and developing countries are confronted to multiple issues, especially in small and middle sized cities which can be considered as poor through several criteria: socio-economic level of majority of population; low levels of public investments, weak quality of local administration, and large dependence of external donors. Following several authors, one...

Urbanization continues to be a transformative process globally, affecting ecosystem integrity and the health and well being of people around the world. Although cities tend to be centers for both the production and consumption of goods and services that degrade natural environments, there is also evidence that urban ecosystems can play a positive role in sustainability efforts. Despite the fact...

Our world is increasingly urbanizing which is highlighting that sustainable cities are essential for maintaining human well-being. This research is one of the first attempts to globally synthesize the effects of urbanization on ecosystem services and how these relate to governance, social development and climate. Three urban vegetation ecosystem services (carbon storage, recreation potential an...