Abstract Reliable and cost-effective monitoring tools to track population size over time are of key importance for wildlife management conservation. Deterministic cohort analysis may be used this aim, especially in hunted populations, but it requires that all mortality events recorded individual age at death is known exactly. In study, we investigated the reliability as a relative index over-ti...

Size (the number of states) of finite probabilistic automata with an isolated cut-point can be exponentially smaller than the size of any equivalent finite deterministic automaton. The result is presented in two versions. The first version depends on Artin’s Conjecture (1927) in Number Theory. The second version does not depend on conjectures but the numerical estimates are worse. In both versi...