1. When this Recommendation was adopted and in application of Article 10.2.c of the Rules of Procedure for the meetings of the Ministers' Deputies; the Representative of the Netherlands reserved the right of his government to comply or not with principle 7 of the recommendation; the Representative of Germany reserved the right of his government to comply or not with the words "and/or to avoid g...

In many parliamentary systems, bills can be proposed by a single parliamentarian, or cosponsored by a group of parliamentarians. In the latter case, bill cosponsorship defines a symmetric relation that can be taken as a measure of ideological agreement between parliamentarians. Political scientists have analysed bill cosponsorship networks in the Congress of the USA, assessing its community str...

The relevance of the article is that it highlights previously unexplored process formation new authorities in modern Russia period before adoption constitution country. well-established opinion construction a system public administration began on basis Constitution has not been substantiated by historical research. This intended to fill this gap.
 
 material was prepared study scienti...

This paper empirically investigates the link between political patronage and bank performance for Ukraine during 2003Q3–2005Q2. We find significant differences between politically affiliated and non-affiliated banks. The data suggest that affiliated banks have significantly lower interest rate margins and increase their capitalization. Furthermore, we show that the level of activity of affiliat...

In this work, we study the behavior of Brazilian politicians and political parties with the help of clustering algorithms for signed social networks. For this purpose, we extract and analyze a collection of signed networks representing voting sessions of the lower house of Brazilian National Congress. We process all available voting data for the period between 2011 and 2016, by considering voti...

Research has suggested that fragmented political systems, incohesive parties, and weak programmatic links between voters legislators can undermine the effectiveness of ideological legislative representation. Using Brazil's national state assemblies, we examine potential for voter-elite congruence in a environment considered representation highly by decentralized structure. Focusing on 2005–2014...