More and more mobile devices feature wireless communication capabilities. They can self-organize in a mobile ad hoc network in order to communicate and maintain connectivity without any infrastructure component. In this context, some devices may benefit from established trust relations in order to communicate private data. Various solutions already exist for establishing and detecting such trus...

In present-day cashless payment systems, the banks and (by installing a Trojan Horse) even the manufacturers of the computer equipment used could easily observe who pays what amount to whom and when. With the increasing digitization of these systems, e.g. point-of-sale terminals and home banking, the amount of transaction data and their computerization drastically increases. Therefore these pay...

Many web users post their opinions and information without revealing their identities (i.e., demographics, social standing, and/or expertise); anonymity has become a common form of information exchange in online communities such as social media sites and Internet forums. In the meantime, negative social consequences have resulted from anonymous activities in online communities. Existing literat...

Introduction Main notions Optimal strategies under Total Observability Complexity of Markov strategies. Finite Memory Strategies. Randomized strategies. Total Unobservability. Bounded Unobservability. Address: Université Paris-12, Equipe d’Informatique Fondamentale, 61, Ave. du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France. E-mail: [email protected] Address: Dept. of Mathematics, Pennsylvani...

We present Drac, a system designed to provide anonymity and unobservability for real-time instant messaging and voice-over-IP communications against a global passive adversary. The system uses a relay based anonymization mechanism where circuits are routed over a social network in a peer-to-peer fashion, using full padding strategies and separate epochs to hide connection and disconnection even...

background: pain control during and after surgeries can reduce subsequent complications, improve the recovery period of the patient after the surgery and immediately after discharge from the hospital, and shorten the length of stay in the hospital. objectives: the present research aimed to study the relationship between the depth of anesthesia and severity of pain after general anesthesia. meth...

In this paper, a quantitative measure of partial observability is defined for PDEs. The quantity is proved to be consistent in well-posed approximation schemes. A first order approximation of an unobservability index using empirical gramian is introduced. For linear systems with full state observability, the empirical gramian is equivalent to the observability gramian in control theory. The con...

This paper studies the reasons for low levels of child support paid by non-custodial divorced fathers. In divorce, non-custodial father’s necessary child support is typically reduced once the mother remarries, as some financial burden of raising their children shifts from biological father to the step-father. This provides an incentive for the father to encourage mother’s remarriage through the...

We present early work investigating a one-way delay-tolerant communications channel which affords its users perfect unobservability at the price of a limited bitrate. We suggest an unrealizable protocol, Psychic Routing, against which we can compare the performance of concrete DelayTolerant Networking routing schemes. We then use Psychic Routing to evaluate the performance of routing in our per...