The road environment can affect driver speed choice through influencing both the driver’s perception of their current speed, and the speed that they think is appropriate for the road. These influences and their effects on speed can therefore affect crash rates. This report reviews the influence of various factors within the road environment, including the geometry of the road, the roadside envi...

Rates and impacts of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are poorly understood in arid land ecosystems where soils are typically low in plant available N. To address this issue, we quantified long-term trends in N deposition and estimated its impact on plant community structure in the northern Chihuahuan desert of Central New Mexico, USA. Annual and seasonal rates of N deposition were strongly ...

Deposition rates, wet etch rates, and thickness uniformity experiments were performed using O3/TEOS thermal chemical-vapor deposition. Our results for oxide deposition show optimum process window around 200 Torr for producing films of good quality ~uniformity and material properties!. This is in excellent agreement with the modeling predictions over a broad range of pressure ~100–600 Torr! and ...

Several studies have found that increased nitrogen (N) deposition leads to a decline in species richness semi-natural grasslands, mainly due the loss of typical nutrient-poor soils. However, after reaching peak around 1990, N has decreased Europe over last 30 years. In this study, we investigated changes number and composition grasslands during period declining deposition. To end, compared data...

Copper was deposited onto rotating Si substrates by galvanic displacement in 6.0M NH4F to determine the effects of Cu complex formation on deposition rates. Deposition rates decreased with increasing rotation speed, indicating that Cu(I) intermediates, stabilized by NH3, diffuse away from the Cu surface before they reduce to Cu(0). UV–visible spectra of contacting solutions and direct measureme...

A tracer model, DREAM (the Danish Rimpuff and Eulerian Accidental release Model), has been developed for modelling transport, dispersion and deposition (wet and dry) of radioactive material from accidental releases, as the Chernobyl accident. The model is a combination of a Lagrangian model, that includes the near source dispersion, and an Eulerian model describing the long-range transport. The...