Gradient-based planners are widely used for quadrotor local planning, in which a Euclidean Signed Distance Field (ESDF) is crucial evaluating gradient magnitude and direction. Nevertheless, computing such field has much redundancy since the trajectory optimization procedure only covers very limited subspace of ESDF updating range. In this letter, an ESDF-free gradient-based planning framework p...

The purpose of the study was to describe the craniofacial characteristics of 6-year-old Icelandic children, make a normative standard for children with an Angle Class I molar relationship, and compare them to those with an Angle Class II molar relationship. The material consisted of the radiographs of 363 children, 184 (50.7 per cent) boys and 179 (49.3 per cent) girls with a mean age of 6 year...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare by means of McNamara as well as Legan and Burstone's cephalometric analyses, both manual and digitized (by Dentofacial Planner Plus and Dolphin Image software) prediction tracings to post-surgical results. METHODS Pre and post-surgical teleradiographs (6 months) of 25 long face patients subjected to combined orthognathic surgery were selected. Ma...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the long-term effects of the Le Fort I osteotomy approach for the resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) on maxillary growth and dental sensation. DESIGN Prospective collection of structured data. SETTING Tertiary care academic teaching hospital. PATIENTS Between 1993 and 1998, 5 adolescents (aged 10-14 years) constituted the evaluable cohort among 14...

OBJECTIVE Dentofacial emergencies are a common presentation to the emergency department (ED) but there is little recent data on physicians' knowledge, confidence and attitudes in handling these cases. METHOD A questionnaire was administered to 103 ED physicians. The sample was primarily drawn from London hospitals as well a smaller contribution from around the UK and included physicians with ...

The purpose of the study was to describe the craniofacial characteristics of Icelandic adults on lateral skull cephalograms. The material consisted of 155 (47.8%) males and 169 (52.5%) females. The mean ages were 35.5 and 34.2 years, respectively. Twenty-two skeletal reference points and 11 soft tissue points were digitized and processed by standard methods with the Dentofacial Planner computer...

Soft tissue profile analysis from cephalometric radiographs is recognized as an important part of the assessment of treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate (CLP), and has previously been found to discriminate between groups better than conventional hard tissue cephalometric analysis. Cephalometric radiographs of 182 12-14-year-old children from the UK with complete unilateral cleft lip and pa...