We investigate scenarios in which a charged, long-lived scalar particle decouples from the primordial plasma in the Early Universe. We compute the number density at time of freeze-out considering both the cases of abelian and non-abelian interactions and including the effect of Sommerfeld enhancement at low initial velocity. We also discuss as extreme case the maximal cross section that fulfils...

We provide a simple analytic relation which connects the density operator of the radiation field with the number probabilities. The problem of experimentally ”sampling” a general matrix elements is studied, and the deleterious effects of nonunit quantum efficiency in the detection process are analyzed showing how they can be reduced by using the squeezing technique. The obtained result is parti...

to study the effect of plant density and planting pattern on iranian ox-tongue, an experiment carried out with two factors: planting pattern (square and rectangular pattern) and plant density (2, 4, 6, 8 plant m-2) in a factorial test performed based on rcbd in 3 replications during 2009-2010 in latmahalleh eshkevarat village in guilan province, iran. characteristics that measured included: dry...

Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for a combination of additive number systems and a combination of multiplicative number systems to preserve the property that all partition sets have asymptotic density. These results cover and extend several special cases mentioned in the literature and give partial solutions to two problems in [6].

Introduction We consider a Riemannian manifold M n with a positive density function Ψ (x) used to weight volume and hypersurface area. In terms of the underlying Riemannian volume dV 0 and area dA 0 , the new, weighted volume and area are given by

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this experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of plant density on growth and seed yield of wheat (kodasht cultivar) under saline soils and rainfed condition inanbarolum region of golestan province in 2008-09. an experiment was conducted in three fields with different salinities (6.73, 9.34 and 11.63 ds m-1) based on randomized complete blocks design. treatments were four plant densi...

to evaluate of quantitative and qualitative yield of two basil (ocimum basilicum l.) medicinal plants as affected by planting pattern and plant density, an experiment carried out in factorial arrangement basis on randomized complete block design with three replications. two varieties (green and purple) of basil, two planting patterns (single and double row) and four plant densities (40, 60, 80 ...

in order to evaluate the possible correlation between the tree density and the human population density, the forested area in nav asalem district located in guilan province was selected. the descriptors of tree number and basal area per hectare as well as the stand density index were used to determine the tree density, which was conducted from a 2014 forest inventory including 62 cluster (558 p...

in the current study, five different atomistic water models (awms) are implemented, in order to investigate the impact of awms treatment on the water velocity profile and density number. for this purpose, molecular dynamics simulation (mds) of poiseuille flow in a nano-channel is conducted. considered awms are spc/e, tip3p, tip4p, tip4pfq and tip5p. to assessment of the ability of each model in...