The discovery that several demyelinating disorders in children may be associated with autoantibodies to astrocytes, myelin, and/or synaptic proteins has opened the possibility of their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The identification of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies as specific diagnostic markers of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) led to an expansion of the clinical spectrum of this d...

Interleukin (IL)-16, a CD4+ immune cell specific chemoattractant cytokine, has been shown to be involved in the development of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease central nervous system (CNS). While cells such as T and macrophages are reported producers IL-16, cellular source IL-16 CNS is less clear. This study investigates correlation expression levels with severity neuro...

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) commonly diagnosed in adults, is being recognized increasingly in children. An estimated 1.7%-5.6% of all patients with MS have clinical symptoms before reaching the age of 18 years. In comparison with adults, the diagnosis of MS in children can be more difficult, being dismissed or misdiagnos...

Anti-neuronal autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a recently characterized group of immune-mediated disorders that result in limbic, multifocal, or diffuse encephalitis due to direct interaction of autoantibodies with neuronal surface or synaptic proteins. The pathological effects of the autoantibodies vary according to the target antigen but when they are removed, neuronal dysfunction is c...

multiple sclerosis (ms) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central nervous system (cns). while the cause is unclear, the fundamental mechanism is thought to be destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons through immune system. one of the approaches being proposed in eae therapy is neural stem cells (nscs) trans...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in the form of chronic inflammation CNS. This mediated by autoreactive lymphocytes that can cross blood-brain barrier and thus enter CNS cause inflammation. Chronic demyelinating lesions characterize multiple sclerosis, immunity to myelin involved. predominantly attacks brain, spinal cord, optic nerve. The diagnosis MS made clinically...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes severe motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)6 most abundant serine protease secreted in CNS, mainly by oligodendrocytes, myelin-producing cells KLK6 assumed to be a robust biomarker MS, since it highly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) MS patie...

The central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response includes an arsenal of molecules and receptors expressed by professional phagocytes, glial cells and neurons that is involved in host defence and clearance of toxic and dangerous cell debris. However, any uncontrolled innate immune responses within the CNS are widely recognized as playing a major role in the development of autoimmune disor...

Unlike other autoimmune polyneuropathies, the linkage between chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and other immune mediated disorders is weak. We report a patient who developed monophasic and parallel courses of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy. Both resolved in tandem with corticosteroid therapy. Distinct from Guillain-Barre Syndr...

Molecular mimicry is the process by which T cells activated in response to determinants on an infecting microorganism cross-react with self epitopes, leading to an autoimmune disease. Normally, infection of SJL/J mice with the BeAn strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in a persistent CNS infection, leading to a chronic progressive, CD4(+) T cell-mediated demyelinati...