We examine critically some of the existing descriptions of the envelope of a 1-parameter family of surfaces in 3-space. An old, natural, description is that the envelope is the union of the characteristic curves (defined as the “limit intersection curves” of surfaces from the family). This description fell in disrepute during the 20th century. We claim that this relegation of the limit intersec...

Many of the world’s languages lack direct translations of definite articles in English, allowing bare nouns or other nominal expressions in definite contexts. Because articles are taken to head a DP projection in languages that have them (Abney 1987; Szabolcsi 1994), an attractive analysis of languages without definite articles is that they lack a DP projection, a perspective recently advocated...

abstractsince heubner's (1985) pioneering study, there have been many studies on (mis) use/ non-use of articles by l2 learners from article-less and article languages the present study investigated how persian l2 learners of english produce and interpret english definite descriptions and demonstrative descriptions it was assumed that definite and demonstrative descriptions share the same centra...

• Pragmatic competition must be sensitive to the grammatical well-formedness of alternatives: alternatives must be grammatical in order to compete. • In cases where meanings are not associated with particular morphemes but with complex constructions, deriving certain implicatures must involve comparison between syntactically complex expressions. • For such cases, comparing themeanings of isolat...

We review characterizations of (conditional) positive definiteness and show how they apply to the theory of radial basis functions. We then give complete proofs for the (conditional) positive definiteness of all practically relevant basis functions. Furthermore, we show how some of these characterizations may lead to construction tools for positive definite functions. Finally, we give new const...

We formally prove the existence of an enduring incongruence pervading a widespread interpretation Bell inequality and explain how to rationally avoid it with natural assumption justified by explicit reference mathematical property Bell's probabilistic model. Although amendment does not alter relevance theorem regarding local realism, brings back from realm philosophical discussions about counte...