Archaeology is a visually rich discipline with a long history of utilising images across a variety of contexts within its practice. However, due to the often unavoidably subjective nature of visual interpretation, fundamental issues with its application remain problematic and largely unresolved. Furthermore, in recent years the rising dominance of digital techniques for archaeological threedime...

This article aims at providing some extension of the modal square opposition in light Ockham’s account operators. Moreover, we set forth significant remarks on de re–de dicto distinction and operator contingency by means a set-theoretic algebra called numbering semantics. generalization starting from modalities will allow us to take into consideration whether holds water or not, which case it s...

Studies on the first language (L1) acquisition of word order optionality (e.g. Krämer 2000) report a developmental disjunction between syntactic and interpretive knowledge. We find suggestive evidence for a similar disjunction in the second language (L2) acquisition of German optional word order, so-called scrambling. This study examines scrambling in advanced and near-native English-German and...

RE ASONING IN ARTIFICIAL INtelligence has traditionally involved writing and customizing rules or models to solve problems. But there is another paradigm that has proven effective in many experimental and applied systems: Casebased reasoning “remembers” previous problems and either adapts their solutions or uses their outcomes to evaluate new cases. There are two kinds of case-based reasoners: ...

The product/process distinction with regards to “argument” has a longstanding history and foundational role in argumentation theory. I shall argue that, regardless of one’s chosen ontology of arguments, arguments are not the product of some process of arguing. Hence, appeal to the distinction is distorting the very organizational foundations of argumentation theory and should be abandoned. Resu...

The product/process distinction with regards to “argument” has a longstanding history and foundational role in argumentation theory. I shall argue that, regardless of one’s chosen ontology of arguments, arguments are not the product of some process of arguing. Hence, appeal to the distinction is distorting the very organizational foundations of argumentation theory and should be abandoned. Resu...

1. Preliminaries Conventional wisdom has it that there is a class of attitude ascriptions such that in making an ascription of that sort, the ascriber undertakes a commitment to specify the contents of the ascribee's head in what might be called a notionally sensitive, ascribee-centered way. In making such an ascription, the ascriber is supposed to undertake a commitment to specify the modes of...

I present a concrete DRT-based syntax and semantics for the representation of mental states in the style of Kamp (1990). This system is closely related to Recanati's (2012) Mental Files framework, but adds a crucial distinction between anchors, the analogues of mental files, and attitudes like belief, desire and imagination. Attitudes are represented as separate compartments that can be referen...