Most of the workers have reported a very good success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation. We have discussed the technique of re-operation in patients with previously unsuccessful DCR in our prospective study where 39 cases of failed DCR were operated. We have also determined the factors responsible for the failure of primary DCR and present the results of the management of failed cas...

If a graph embeds in a surface with k crosscaps, does it always have an embedding in the same surface in which every edge passes through each crosscap at most once? This well-known open problem can be restated using crossing numbers: the degenerate crossing number, dcr(G), of G equals the smallest number k so that G has an embedding in a surface with k crosscaps in which every edge passes throu...

[1] Photosynthesis and respiration impart distinct isotopic signatures to the atmosphere that are used to constrain global carbon source/sink estimates and partition ecosystem fluxes. Increasingly, the ‘‘Keeling plot’’ method is being used to determine the carbon isotope composition of ecosystem respiration (dCR) in order to better understand the processes controlling ecosystem isotope discrimi...

Double-stranded (ds) RNA induces potent gene silencing, termed RNA interference (RNAi). At an early step in RNAi, an RNaseIII-related enzyme, Dicer (DCR-1), processes long-trigger dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). DCR-1 is also required for processing endogenous regulatory RNAs called miRNAs, but how DCR-1 recognizes its endogenous and foreign substrates is not yet understood. Here we...

LAser Detection And Ranging (LADAR) is a promising tool for precise 3D-imaging, which enables field surveillance and target identification under low-light-level conditions in many military applications. For the time resolution and sensitivity requirements of LADAR applications, InGaAsP/InP Geiger-mode (GM) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) excel in the spectrum band between 1.0~1.6 μm. Previously MI...

AIM To compare the outcomes achieved with external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR) and transcanalicular dacryocystorhinostomy (TC-DCR) using a multidiode laser in patients with bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 38 eyes of 19 patients with bilateral NLDO. Simultaneous bilateral surgery was performed on all patients. TC-DCR (Group 1) ...

AIM To compare a composite technique of endoscopic dacrocystorhinostomy with the conventional technique. METHODS A randomised prospective study was carried in the department of Otolaryngology Maulana Azad Medical College. Thirty patient selected for Endoscopic DCR were divided into two groups, one of which underwent conventional endoscopic DCR and the other group were treated with a newer tec...

IMPORTANCE Approximately 5% to 10% of patients continue to experience persistent epiphora following an anatomically successful dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for nasolacrimal duct obstruction or stenosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the management and success rate of so-called "functional failure" of DCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction by experienced lacrimal surgeons. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PART...

Aim: To describe a new and simple bicanalicular silicone intubation technique, which can be used during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. Method: In this method, a lacrimal canula is used to pass the silicone tube through the lacrimal canaliculi. A 26-Gauge curved lacrimal canula is inserted into one end of a silicone tube with an inner diameter of 0.50 mm and outer diameter of 0.94 mm. The ...