Proteins are biological polymers that underlie all cellular functions. The first high-resolution protein structures were determined by x-ray crystallography in the 1960s. Since then, there has been continued interest in understanding and predicting protein structure and stability. It is well-established that a large contribution to protein stability originates from the sequestration from solven...

Magnetite Fe3O4 is one of the most stable carriers of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in sedimentary rocks, and paleomagnetic studies of magnetite-bearing sediments, such as deep-sea cores and pelagic limestones, have provided a detailed calibration between the biostratigraphic and magnetic polarity time scales. Despite this important role, there is as yet a very poor understanding of how ...

Efficient encapsulation of functionalized spherical nanoparticles by viral protein cages was found to occur even if the nanoparticle is larger than the inner cavity of the native capsid. This result raises the intriguing possibility of reprogramming the self-assembly of viral structural proteins. The iron oxide nanotemplates used in this work are superparamagnetic, with a blocking temperature o...

Alphaviruses are small, spherical, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded, RNA viruses responsible for considerable human and animal disease. Using microinjection of preassembled cores as a tool, a system has been established to study the assembly and budding process of Sindbis virus, the type member of the alphaviruses. We demonstrate the release of infectious virus-like particles from cel...

Microtubules are closely associated with tubules containing virus particles in leaf cells infected with bean pod mottle virus or cowpea mosaic virus. The similar orientation and apparent continuity suggest that cores of tubules with virus particles are actually microtubules. It is suggested that microtubules may be involved in the intraand intercellular movement of viral components and in the a...

Multilayered films starting with silica or polymer particles in the micron-size range have been prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The polymer particles made of highly cross-linked cores and hydrophilic shells were elaborated through a precipitation polymerization method that allows formation of particles with a low polydispersity. The influence of the surface function, the differe...

metal nanoshells consists of a dielectric core surrounded by a thin noble metal shell, possess unique optical properties that render nanoshells attractive for use in different technologies. this paper reports a facile method for growth of small gold nanoparticles on the functionalized surface of larger silica nanoparticles. mono-dispersed silica particles and gold nanoparticles were prepared by...

In vitro-assembled core-like particles produced from alphavirus capsid protein and nucleic acid were studied by cryoelectron microscopy. These particles were found to have a diameter of 420 A with 240 copies of the capsid protein arranged in a T=4 icosahedral surface lattice, similar to the nucleocapsid core in mature virions. However, when the particles were subjected to gentle purification pr...

It was recently demonstrated by numerical simulations that a turbulent flow in a rotating system is capable of efficiently concentrating passively advected particles – having a density larger than the fluid – inside anti-cyclonic vortices. This process has important consequences on the distribution of solid particles in protoplanetary disks, since dust surface densities ∼1–2 orders of magnitude...

Analytical ultracentrifugation, thermal denaturation, and electron microscopy have been used to study nucleoprotein core particles, obtained from disrupted type 5 adenovirus and partially purified on glycerol density gradients. Electron microscopy at low salt concentrations has shown that the cores are homogeneous particles with characteristic structures, which vary with conditions of observati...