In this paper, the role of the human being toe is investigated. The change of the sole pressure distribution using a sole pressure distribution measurement system and that of the toe pressure using a toe pressure measurement system at walk by the existence of a toe are investigated. In order to investigate the change of the whole walking, the affection of a walk posture using a 3D motion captur...

[Purposes] To investigate angular changes in the ankle joint and leg muscle activities during toe-gripping, and to examine the relationship between these changes and toe-gripping strength. [Subjects] Eleven healthy young women were selected. [Methods] We measured the toe-gripping strength, angular changes in the ankle joint, and leg muscle activities of all patients during toe-gripping. [Result...

Overlapping fifth toe is a congenital deformity and is characterized by an external rotation of the toe so that it overrides the adjacent fourth toe [1]. A number of factors may play a part in the pathophysiology of this condition including proximal phalanx axial rotation, medial deviation of the toe, skin contracture, and a hyperextension deformity of the Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint as a r...

Habitat fragmentation is the primary cause of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, but its underlying processes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Studies of islands and insular terrestrial habitats are essential for improving our understanding of habitat fragmentation. We argue that the Three-Gorges Dam, the largest that humans have ever created, presents a unique grand-scale...

Diabetes has been one of the most common chronic diseases all over the world. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the foot loading characteristics of diabetic patients with fifth-toe deformity through a comparative analysis with diabetic patients with healthy and normal feet. Six neuropathic diabetic female subjects with the fifth-toe deformation and six age-matched neuropath...

Objective The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effects of insoles with a toe-grip bar on toe function and standing balance in healthy young women. Methods Thirty female subjects were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group wore shoes with insoles with a toe-grip bar. The control group wore shoes with general insoles. ...

BACKGROUND Toe flexor muscles play an important role in posture and locomotion, and poor toe flexor strength is a risk factor for falls. In this cross-sectional study, we estimated the age-related change in toe flexor strength and compared it with that of handgrip strength. Independent factors predicting toe flexor and handgrip strength were also determined. METHODS A total of 1401 male (aged...

Multi-segment foot kinematics were compared between idiopathic toe walkers (ITW) and typically developing children (TD) during toe walking and also compared to children with mild diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) who toe walked. Where possible, heel-toe walking was also compared between ITW and TD children. Significant differences were found between the ITW and TD groups during both toe walking and ...

The restorative potential of dam removal on ecosystem function depends on the reversibility of dam effects and its operations. While dam removal is an established engineering practice, the need for an understanding of the ecological response remains. We used paleoflood hydrology, hydrologic modeling, and aerial photo interpretation to investigate the long-term ecologic responses to dam failure ...