This paper is a reply to Barry Ickes' critique of my paper “Trust versus Illusion: What is Driving Demonetization in Russia?” in which I show that the data reject Barry Ickes' Virtual Economy explanation of barter in Russia in favor of an institutional explanation based on the lack of trust. JEL Classification: D20, G30, O10, P30

We consider the parallel developments in the economics of agglomeration and the economics of networks. We explore the complementarities between the productivity benefits of agglomeration and those of network linkages, arguing that networks of actors dispersed over space may substitute for agglomerations of actors at a single point. JEL classification: D20, L14, R30

GM1 ganglioside plays a role in essential neuronal processes, including differentiation, survival, and signaling. Yet, little is known about GM1 species with different sphingosine bases, such as the most abundant species containing 18 carbon atoms in the sphingosine chain (GM1d18:1), and the less abundant containing 20 carbon atoms (GM1d20:1). While absent in the early fetal brain, GM1d20:1 con...

A series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed for the tropical Indian Ocean ( 15° from the equator) using a simple analysis system. The analysis system projects an array of observations onto the dominant empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) derived from an intermediateresolution (2° 0.5°) ocean circulation model. This system produces maps of the depth of the 20°C is...

A method is described for the simultaneous measurement of partial specific volumes and molecular weights of proteins and other substances by sedimentation equilibrium experiments in Hz0 and D20 (or D2018) solutions. In effect, the method is a differential sedimentation equilibrium technique based upon the change produced in the equilibrium concentration distribution when the density of the solu...

Predicting insect responses to global climate change involves understanding cross-generation effects of temperature. The majority of temperate insects overwinter in a state of diapause, a pre-emptive response to winter conditions associated with increased cold hardiness. Diapause is often induced following maternal adult detection of an environmental cue signifying the onset of winter, whilst d...

Identification of phosphorus (P)-responsive genes is important in diagnosing the adequacy of dietary P intake well before clinical symptoms arise. The mRNA abundance of selected genes was determined in the intestine, pyloric caeca, and kidney of rainbow trout fed low-P (LP) or sufficient-P (SP) diet for 2, 5 and 20d. The LP/SP ratio of mRNA abundance was used to evaluate the difference in gene ...

The literature posits that an introduced predator population, is able to drive it's target pest population extinct, if supplemented with high quality additional food of quantity $\xi > \xi_{critical}$, \cite{SP11, SPV18, SPD17, SPM13}. We show this approach leads infinite time blow-up the population. propose alternate model in which induces competition. Analysis herein indicates there are thres...