Patients with renal insufficiency develop secondary hyperparathyroidism. Monotherapy with active vitamin D or calcimimetics ameliorates secondary hyperparathyroidism. We compared kidney damage in subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats treated with active vitamin D (calcitriol) or the calcimimetic R-568. Male Sprague-Dawley SNX and sham-operated (sham-op) rats were randomized into the following tr...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Previous investigations demonstrated alterations in the expression and activity of hepatic drug transporters in NASH. Moreover, studies using rodent models of cholestasis suggest that compensatory changes in kidney transporter expression occur to facilitate renal...

use for each and every act of intercourse.4 The use of condoms is recommended for individuals who have multiple partners, who have a primary partner who is infected, or who have a partner whose serostatus is unknown,5 although the absolute amount of protection they provide has not been accurately established. The effectiveness of the condom as a contraceptive provides insight into its usefulnes...

ical—i.e., that a pregnant teenager who is still growing may be competing for nutrients with the fetus, or that pregnancy within two years after menarche increases the risk of preterm delivery.4 Psychological factors may also be involved, since many adolescent pregnancies are unplanned, unwanted or discovered late;5 a pregnant teenager may lack the emotional maturity to take responsibility for ...

INTRODUCTION The relationship between growth in population and consumption and common-pool resources, particularly those that are governed under common-property institutions, has been the subject of lively academic debate. Researchers have long dwelled upon the global demographic transition and its effect on land-tenure and inheritance practices in different regions of the world. Boserup postul...

Methods We included 706 school children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years (434 girls and 272 boys) from March 2011 to February 2012. We excluded subjects with any acute or chronic diseases. None of subjects were taking calcium or vitamin D supplements. They were classified according age (elementary school, 7-12 years old, n=565; middle school, 13-15 years old, n=75; high school, 16-18 years ol...

The Black-capped Becard (Pachyramphus marginatus) has two geographically isolated subspecies, including the Atlantic Forest subspecies that is distributed from Pernambuco State to Paraná State. Here we report first observation of species in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. On 12 November 2019 an adult male P. marginatus was observed municipality São Francisco do Sul, on northeastern coast...

misson on Ordovician Stratigraphy and in 2002 ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy as the GSSP of the Second (Upper) Stage of the Lower Ordovician, is located on the Hunneberg Mountain in southwestern Sweden. The stratigraphic succession represents an outer shelf environment near the Baltic Shield margin. The shale-dominated, biostratigraphically complete, richly fossilifero...

While lights are often described by their origin and orientation in computer graphics, lights in the real world have particular states of vibration because lights are electromagnetic waves. Such state of vibration is called polarization state. Although human eyes cannot detect polarization state, sometimes lights behave differently according to their polarization states, which may be detected b...

ABSTRACT: Let M be a compact oriented minimal hypersurface of the unit n-dimensional sphere S. In this paper we will point out that if the Ricci curvature of M is constant, then, we have that either Ric ≡ 1 andM is isometric to an equator or, n is odd,Ric ≡ n−3 n−2 andM is isometric to S n−1 2 ( √ 2 2 )×S n−1 2 ( √ 2 2 ). Next, we will prove that there exists a positive number ̄(n) such that if ...