BACKGROUND AND METHODS A new cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified lipid-based nanoparticle was developed to improve upon the formulation of cyclosporin A. PEGylated chitosan, synthesized in three steps using mild reaction conditions, was used to modify the nanoparticles. Cyclosporin A-loaded, PEGylated chitosan-modified nanoparticles were prepared using an emulsification/solvent ev...

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OBJECTIVE To establish the usefulness of cyclosporin for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a routine clinical setting. METHODS Patients who had received cyclosporin for SLE, mixed connective tissue disease, and other overlap syndromes were identified. Data relating to treatment with cyclosporin, including dosage, concurrent steroid use, response to treatment, side effects, and reasons for...

We examined whether the oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A is controlled primarily by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or CYP3A in the small intestine. In situ loop method was used to evaluate the uptake of cyclosporin A (40nmol) at the upper and lower intestine of wild-type and mdr1a/1b knockout mice treated or not treated with dexamethasone (75mg/kg/day, 7 days, i.p.). Expression of CYP3A mRNA in the...

Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition prevents endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Long-term treatment with cyclosporin A impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations and augments contractions to angiotensin II in the rat aorta. The present study compares vasomotor responses to several vasoconstrictor and dilator stimuli after 6 weeks of oral treatmen...

To ascertain the efficacy of systemic cyclosporin therapy in the management of scleritis we performed an open, uncontrolled study of the use of this drug in severe refractory disease. Five of seven patients whose disease had previously been poorly controlled with a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs responded to cyclosporin therapy (10 mg/kg/day). Systemic side effects o...

Cyclosporin A has proved to be a valuable drug both in the prevention of graft rejection after solid organ transplantation' and in the prevention of graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation.2 Caine et al treated the first cadaver renal allograft recipients with cyclosporin A in 1978,3 and toxicity due to the drug was noted soon afterwards. The adverse effects in transplant re...

range of other conditions, including Another important aspect in its distribution is that it is highly bound to psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and erythrocytes and plasma lipoproteins. At low blood concentrations (below asthma 80 nmolIl (100 ng/ml)) and when the packed cell volume is low (for example, in patients with kidney failure) the contribution of the plasma bound fraction becomes more ...

Cyclosporin was used successfully in a patient with severe pulmonary sarcoidosis, a poor response and unacceptable side-effects from corticosteroid therapy. Computed tomography (CT) scanning initially suggested reversible disease, and subsequently detected improvement earlier than other indices of disease activity. This information was critical in the decision to commence and to continue cyclos...