hot-melt extrusion is one of the most widely applied processing technologies in the plastic, rubber and food industry. today this technology has found its place in the array of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. melt extrusion process are currently applied in the pharmaceutical field for the manufacture of a variety of dosage forms and formulations such as granules, pellets, tablets, supp...

In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), odorant-induced activation of the transduction cascade culminates in production of cyclic AMP, which opens cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the ciliary membrane enabling Ca(2+) influx. The ensuing elevation of the intraciliary Ca(2+) concentration opens Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels, which mediate an excitatory Cl(-) efflux from the cilia. I...

The time course of extrusion of the vesicular contents during exocytosis has been examined at adrenal medullary cells with carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Two electrochemical techniques were used: cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Spikes obtained by amperometry had a faster time course than those measured by cyclic voltammetry, consistent with the different concentration profiles established by...

Due to the very long operational lifetimes (up 100 years) of polyethylene pipes, there is a strong demand for accelerated testing pipe materials experimentally prove ability certain material achieve such lifetime. Among tests performance, cracked round bar (CRB) test most convenient. The CRB takes advantage cyclic loading that applied on cylindrical specimens with circumferential notch in middl...