Abstract We present an experimental study of optical time-refraction caused by time-interfaces as short a single cycle. Specifically, we the propagation probe pulse through sample undergoing large refractive index change induced intense modulator pulse. In these systems, increasing abruptly leads to where spectrum all waves propagating in medium is red-shifted, and subsequently blue-shifted whe...

In this research accumulative roll bonding process as sever plastic deformation process was applied up to 8 cycles to produce the ultrafine grain copper. Microstructure of cycle 1, cycle 4 and cycle 8 investigated by TEM images. By analyzing TEM images the grain size measured below 100 nm in cycle 8 and it was with an average grain size of 200 nm. Corrosion resistance of rolled copper stri...

Recently, environmental concern and demand for a catalyst’s high performance have increased and many research activities focused on the operation of a three-way catalyst (TWC) at the end of its lifetime. Catalyst aging is the loss of catalytic activity over time that has crucial importance in emission of three-way catalyst.  The aim of this paper is, investigating experimentally the performanc...