BACKGROUND Predators can impact ecosystems through trophic cascades such that differential patterns in habitat use can lead to spatiotemporal variation in top down forcing on community dynamics. Thus, improved understanding of predator movements is important for evaluating the potential ecosystem effects of their declines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We satellite-tagged an apex predator (b...

In this paperwe testwhethermean reversion in stockmarket prices presents a different behavior in bull and bear markets. We date the US bull and bear periods using Bry and Boschan (1971) algorithm. We examine the order of integration in the S&P 500 stock market index covering a daily period from August 1929 to December 2006 in bull and bear phases. Our results indicate the existence of different...

Fertility in a bull is generally defined as the ability to impregnate females. Certainly that is a minimum requirement, but a bull with high fertility is able to impregnate more than the expected number of cows in a short breeding season. Such a bull has greater economic value than one of lesser fertility (1,17). If the bull also has a desirable genetic background, it could contribute more than...

A post-pubertal bull on an artificial insemination station was found to be persistently shedding bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in semen over a period of eleven months, while demonstrating no viraemia. Circulating antibodies to BVDV were consistently high, suggesting that the immune system was challenged repeatedly. Post-mortem findings confirmed that the virus was sequestered in the teste...

Balch, C. C. (1950). Brit. J. Nutr. 4, 361. Balch, C. C., Bartlett, S. & Johnson, V. W. (1951). J. agric. Sci. 41, 98. Balch, C. C. & Johnson, V. W. (1950). Brit. J. Nutr. 4, 389. Kellner, 0. (1907). Die Ernahrung der Lundwirtschuftlichen Nutztiere, 4th ed. Berlin: Paul Taray. Larsen, C., Hungerford, E. H. & Bailey, D. E. (1917). Bull. S. Dak. ugric. Exp. Sta. no. 175. Wood, T. B. (1927). Bull....

This paper considers a variety of econometric models for the joint distribution of stock and bond returns in the presence of regime switching dynamics. While simple twoor three-state models capture the univariate dynamics in bond and stock returns, a more complicated four state model with regimes characterized as crash, slow growth, bull and bull burst states is required to capture the joint di...

This paper investigates the presence of bull and bear market states in stock price dynamics. A new definition of bull and bear market states based on sequences of stopping times tracing local peaks and troughs in stock prices is proposed. Duration dependence in stock prices is investigated through posterior mode estimates of the hazard function in bull and bear markets. We find that the longer ...

The bull is a graph consisting of a triangle and two pendant edges. A graph is called bull-free if no induced subgraph of it is a bull. This is the second paper in a series of three. The goal of the series is to give a complete description of all bull-free graphs. We call a bull-free graph elementary if it does not contain an induced three-edge-path P such that some vertex c 6∈ V (P ) is comple...

pregnancy rate is one of the most important factors determining profit or loss. Considerable emphasis and focus is placed on the nutritional and reproductive management of the cow herd; but, unfortunately, in most operations little emphasis is placed on the bull. However, each bull is expected to impregnate from 15 40 females during the breeding season in a typical cow-calf operation and, thus,...

this paper wants to investigate why fereydūn’s mace was bull-headed. since such weapon has a prominent role in our epics and it has been used by most of our heroes, it seems important to find its origin out.  to achieve this goal, there is a brief explanation about mace and all kinds of it in the texts of different periods in iranian and some other indo-european cultures. then some mythological...