from the perspective of experts, custom as moral rules binding takesplace in source of law. however, clarify its position in constitutional lawneeds to know history of custom presence in basic documents which governon human societies. known dividing constitutions into two main categories,codified and customary, only will be clarified part of the extensive.because above division, as many experts...

The effects of hydrogen charge on the formation vacancy-type defects in cold-drawn pearlitic steel were investigated by using positron lifetime spectroscopy, and correlation between susceptibility to embrittlement was discussed. Pearlitic steels aged at 300°C 450°C after cold-drawing used. Both tensile deformed subsequently fractured samples prepared slow strain rate tests (SSRT) with without c...

this article describes the preparation and analysis of nano hydroxyapatite (ha) films on stainless steel 316l through sol-gel technique. the process started with preparation of a nitrate and phosphate sol. after aging the sol for 24 h at room temperature a ss316 substrate was dip-coated and heat-treated at 350 to 450 °c for different times in air. the coating phase and structure on substrate we...

Controlling the hot rolling process requires a deep understanding of underlying metallurgical phenomena. Quantitative methods are paramount importance for achieving capability controlling microstructural evolution. Since final mechanical properties steel result from evolution in whole process, analysis microstructure provides an important input numerical simulations that can be used tailoring s...

The aim of this research was manufacturing a parabolic trough solar collector in which reflecting surface is made of mirror steel rather than usual mirror and also predicting its theoretical performance.by adjusting planar ⩝ -shaped structures parallel to each other and welding them together, the main supporting structure was assembled and a parabolic-shape Teflon arc was installed in the apert...

The present study provides an elaborate assessment of the performance of olfactometers in terms of odorant recovery for a selection of odorants emitted from livestock houses. The study includes three different olfactometer dilution systems, which have been in use at accredited odor laboratories. They consist of: (i) a custom-built olfactometer made of glass tubes, (ii) a TO8 olfactometer, and (...