Since the discovery of the intrinsic Josephson effect not only the typical properties of conventional junctions were demonstrated [1], but also unique and surprising features like the coupling of Josephson oscillations to phonons [2] have been discovered. There has also been a considerable interest in the influence of nonequilibrium effects on the I − V -characteristic and collective modes [3– ...

In this paper, a macro-model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is proposed. A comparative study is made by simulation for the proposed PEMFC macro-model and a reported PEMFC impedance model, which use for PEMFC dynamic a transfer function and an electrical circuit, respectively. The macro-model approximates the theoretical PEMFC current–voltage characteristic by a controll...

ion channels are responsible for control of cell function in excitable tissues such as heart and brain and also in organs and tissues traditionally thought to be non- excitable including liver and epithelium. in the present research, the effect of lead (pb2+) on ca2+ -dependent action potential and currents was studied in f77 neuronal soma membrane of helix aspersa. for this purpose, action pot...

We use the scattering approach to investigate the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of mesoscopic conductors. We discuss the leading nonlinearity by taking into account the self-consistent nonequilibrium potential. We emphasize conservation of the overall charge and current which are connected to the invariance under a global voltage shift (gauge invariance). As examples, we discuss the ...

We discuss the memristive fingerprints of the hybrid Cassie-Mayr model of electric arcs. In particular, it is shown that (i) the voltage-current characteristic of the model has the pinched hysteresis nature, (ii) the voltage and current zero crossings occur at the same instants, and (iii) when the frequency f of the power supply increases, the voltage-current pinched hysteresis characteristic t...

Electric arc furnace (EAF) is one of the largest loads in electric power systems. It is highly time varying and nonlinear. Its reactive power variations cause voltage fluctuations in nearby system which is known as flicker. On the other hand the nonlinear voltage-current characteristic causes strong voltage and current harmonics in EAF. To this end Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) techn...