Autistic disorder (AD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder typically identified in early childhood. Both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in its etiology. The number of individuals identified as having autism has increased dramatically in recent years, but whether some proportion of this increase is real is unknown. If real, susceptible populations may have exposure to contr...

The fourteen glitches observed during 33 years do not show the simple pattern expected from a relaxation oscillator. They may however be regarded as three major events separated by about 12 years, the third being a group of smaller glitches. There is a step increase in slowdown rate at each glitch, whose cumulative effect makes a significant contribution to the second differentiaï ν. The brakin...

The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer has most often been reported as a crude rate: second cancers/index cancers. The reported incidence varies between 0.5 percent and 3.6 percent. However, these calculations do not take into account factors such as length of survival and length of follow-up. The cumulative incidence more accurately reflects the risk for developing a metachronous canc...

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in the incidence characteristics of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) based on data from four large state-owned colliery groups of China, by comparing the cumulative incidence rates of CWP. We investigated 87,904 coal workers from the Datong, Kailuan, Fuxin, and Tiefa Colliery Groups, who were exposed to dust for at least 1 year. The cumula...

Studies in cardiology often record the time to multiple disease events such as death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization. Competing risks methods allow for the analysis of the time to the first observed event and the type of the first event. They are also relevant if the time to a specific event is of primary interest but competing events may preclude its occurrence or greatly alter the ...

In the competing risks problem, a useful quantity is the cumulative incidence function, which is the probability of occurrence by time t for a particular type of failure in the presence of other risks. The estimator of this function as given by Kalbfleisch and Prentice is consistent, and, properly normalized, converges weakly to a zero-mean Gaussian process with a covariance function for which ...

Objective(s): It has been proposed that lipid markers may predict cardiovascular events; however, their effect may vary depending on the type of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lipid markers on death from coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in competing risks setting.Materials and Methods:</stron...