samanidgovernment was established in the fourthcentury (ah) in the east of islamic caliphate, within a rich socio-cultural context. samanid dynasty needed to prove its rights and legitimacy because of its conflict with the political discourse of their rival governments. this had to be done by taking advantage of thevalues and conceptsembedded in the rational, cultural, and conceptual contextsan...

Our article addresses the theoretical issue of how to characterize commonalities of learning approaches of individuals who are members of ethnic groups that historically have been underserved in U. S. schools (e.g., AfricanAmerican, Latino, and Native American students). We believe that a cultural-historical approach offers a way to get beyond a widespread assumption that characteristics of cul...

Our article addresses the theoretical issue of how to characterize commonalities of learning approaches of individuals who are members of ethnic groups that historically have been underserved in U. S. schools (e.g., AfricanAmerican, Latino, and Native American students). We believe that a cultural-historical approach offers a way to get beyond a widespread assumption that characteristics of cul...