BACKGROUND Interferon beta-Ia (Avonex) 30 microg, intramuscular (i.m.), once weekly is efficacious in delaying clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) following a single demyelinating event (SDE). This study determined the cost effectiveness of Avonex compared to current treatment in delaying the onset of CDMS. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) ...

Cua Dai is one of the major estuarine areas in Central Vietnam that plays a significant role in local maritime transport, fisheries, and tourism activities. This paper presents a study that monitored the shoreline dynamics of the Cua Dai estuary over a period of 50 years (1964–2014) by using field survey data, geographic information systems techniques, and multi-temporal satellite remote sensin...

BACKGROUND Traffic calming and speed limits are major public health strategies for further reducing road injuries, especially for vulnerable pedestrians such as children and the elderly. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis (CBA-favoured by transport economists) alongside a cost-utility analysis (CUA-favoured by health economists) of mandatory 20 mph zones, providing a unique opportunity to com...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA), also known as calciphylaxis, is a rare but life-threatening condition that almost exclusively affects patients with chronic kidney disease. Several therapies have been employed to treat this disease but with irregular results. We report a prospective case series of eight patients diagnosed with CUA in our unit between 2002 and 201...

A new archaeorthopteran genus and species, Avionugonioneura jouaulti, is described from the Moscovian of Avion in Northern France. It shows several strong similarities, with two genera Contracladus (Pennsylvanian) Nugonioneura (early Permian), viz. a simple vein M emerging anteriorly M+ CuA+CuPa an branched CuA+CuPa, which are putative synapomorphies, suggesting possible attribution to family N...

Sir, Calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA) (‘calciphylaxis’) is a rare necrotizing cutaneous abnormality which is being increasingly recognized in the dialysis population w1x. It is usually associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in the presence of advanced renal failure and high calciumu phosphate product w2x. Treatment is difficult and often unsuccessful and is associated with a high mo...

Vasectomy is a safe and effective method of birth control. Although it is a simple elective procedure, vasectomy is associated with potential minor and major complications. The early failure rate of vasectomy (presence of motile sperm in the ejaculate at 3–6 months post-vasectomy) is in the range of 0.3–9% and the late failure rate is in the range of 0.04–0.08%. The no-scalpel vasectomy techniq...

In adult patients with ESRD, calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is an uncommon but life-threatening complication. No effective therapy exists, although anecdotal case reports highlight the use of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a calcium-chelating agent with antioxidant properties. CUA is rare in children, and STS use has not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the influence...

The effects of nicardipine and nifedipine on the urinary excretion of urate were examined in rats and compared with those of diltiazem. Test drugs were administered to urethane-anesthetized oxonate-loaded rats by continuous i.v. infusion. Diltiazem (10 micrograms/rat/min), nicardipine (0.3 microgram/rat/min) and nifedipine (1.0 microgram/rat/min) caused similar reductions of systemic blood pres...