The main concern of this study was communication strategies (CSs) which are used to compensate for communication breakdown. The goals of this study were to examine whether proficiency level of Iranian students had any relationship with their choice of CSs. This research was descriptive in nature. The participants were 15 pre-intermediate and 14 intermediate EFL learners between 16 to 21years ol...

The usable satellite spectrum is becoming scarce due to static spectrum allocation policies. Cognitive radio approaches have already demonstrated their potential towards spectral efficiency for providing more spectrum access opportunities to secondary user (SU) with sufficient protection to licensed primary user (PU). Hence, recent scientific literature has been focused on the tradeoff between ...

In this paper the recently developed meta-heuristic optimization method, known as charged system search (CSS), is utilized for optimum nodal ordering to minimize bandwidth and profile of sparse matrices. The CSS is an optimization algorithm, which is based on the governing laws of Coulomb and Gauss from electrostatics and the Newtonian mechanics of motion. The bandwidth and profile of some grap...

Styling and formatting of XML documents for various target media is often specified with the Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) language. An appealing feature of CSS is that it specifies formatting instructions using rather simple guarded rules. A limitation of CSS is that it focuses on static formatting rules. As a consequence scripting languages such as ECMA Script are used in practice for dynamic a...

In this article, an Advanced Charged System Search (ACSS) algorithm is applied for the optimum design of steel structures. ACSS uses the idea of Opposition-based Learning and Levy flight to enhance the optimization abilities of the standard CSS. It also utilizes the information of the position of each charged particle in the subsequent search process to increase the convergence speed. The objec...

BACKGROUND The possible role of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) therapy in the pathogenesis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is uncertain. The aim was to examine the association between LTRA therapy and CSS in cases registered in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database. METHODS All cases of suspected drug-induced CSS reported to the AERS database between November 1997 and...

The American College of Rheuma• tology that has suggested 6 criteria from which 4 are required for a diagnosis of CSS with 99.7% specificity and 85% sensitivity. The 6 criteria include: asthma, eosinophilia > 10%, paranasal sinusitis, vasculitis based on histology, and mononeuritis multiplex [4]. Vasculitis lesions of CSS on histological examination are not typically seen in biopsies and are no...

OBJECTIVE This study reports on the psychometric properties of a brief, self-administered screening questionnaire, the Columbia Suicide Screen (CSS), intended to identify high school students at risk for suicide. METHOD Seventeen hundred twenty-nine 9th- to 12th-grade students completed the CSS and Beck Depression Inventory during school hours in 1991 to 1994. Three hundred fifty-six students...