OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency and characteristics of seizure-induced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities in children and to identify potential alternative causes of these findings. METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 80) who underwent lumbar puncture within 24 hours after a seizure were studied retrospectively. The presence of CSF abnormalities in total leukocytes, polymorphonuclear...

The most common type of autoimmune encephalitis is anti-NMDAR-encephalitis. It characterized by IgG an­tibodies against the GluN1 subunit NMDA receptor, leading to marked neuropsychiatric and behavioural symptoms that progress in a subacute manner seizures, speech abnormalities, depressed level con­sciousness. In this case report, clinical course 30-year-old man who first received treatment for...

Four patients with pathologically documented polycystic cavitation of the brain had an acute illness characterised by stupor, seizures, CSF erythrocytic and monocytic pleocytosis, increased CSF protein, and diminished CSF glucose. The acute phase was followed by chronic decerebation, disappearance of the CSF abnormalities, and radiological evidence of polycystic cavitation of the brain. In one ...

For patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts, culture of the CSF remains the most valuable tool in the evaluation of suspected shunt infections. To detect anaerobic Propionibacterium sp., a well-described cause of these infections, many clinical microbiology laboratories routinely employ a broth medium as an adjunct to solid media. The use of broth, however, creates a diagnostic dilemma s...

BACKGROUND Infants with fever and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis are routinely admitted to the hospital for parenteral antibiotic therapy for potential bacterial meningitis pending results of CSF culture. Published estimates suggest that 90% of all episodes of meningitis are caused by enterovirus. Enteroviral polymerase chain reaction (ePCR) has a sensitivity of 92% to 100% and a specifi...

To elucidate immunopathogenetic roles of aquaporin-4 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), we analyzed aquaporin-4 antibody titers, cellular and inflammatory markers in the CSF collected from 11 aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive patients. The CSF aquaporin-4 antibody levels during attacks (but not in sera) closely correlated with pleocyt...

BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as one of the most common causes of epidemic meningoencephalitis worldwide. Most human infections are asymptomatic. However, neuroinvasive disease characterized by meningitis, encephalitis and/or acute flaccid paralysis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although outbreaks have been reported in Asia, human WNV infection has not b...

Background: Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) is an important cause of acute encephalitis in the neonatal and early infantile periods. Typical HPeV3-associated acute encephalitis paradoxically shows no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis despite virus detection in CSF and diffuse deep white matter involvement of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance images (MRI). Patient: An 8-day-old ful...