Future generations of gravitational wave interferometers are likely to be operated at cryogenic temperatures because one of the sensitivity limiting factors of the present generation is the thermal noise of end mirrors and beam splitters that occurs in the optical substrates as well as in the dielectric coatings. A possible method for minimizing thermal noise is cooling to cryogenic temperature...

To expand CERN testing capability to superconducting devices that cannot be installed in existing test facilities because of their size and/or mass, CERN is building a new cryogenic test facility for large and heavy devices. The first devices to be tested in the facility will be the S-FRS superconducting magnets for the FAIR project that is currently under construction at the GSI Research Cente...

Modern protein crystal structures are based nearly exclusively on X-ray data collected at cryogenic temperatures (generally 100 K). The cooling process is thought to introduce little bias in the functional interpretation of structural results, because cryogenic temperatures minimally perturb the overall protein backbone fold. In contrast, here we show that flash cooling biases previously hidden...

Introduction The ability to produce atoms and atomic ions in a single quantum state has revolutionized atomic physics [1] and the technologies it provides [2–5]. To produce this quantum matter, the temperature of the atoms and ions are lowered such that the Gibbs factor is appreciable for only the quantum ground state. The techniques for reaching these, socalled, ultracold temperatures, which a...

We report on trapping of clouds of electrons in a cryogenic planar Penning trap at T≤ 100 mK. We describe the experimental conditions to load, cool and detect electrons. Perspectives for the trapping of a single electron and for quantum information processing are given. PACS. 37.10.-x Atom, molecule, and ion cooling methods – 03.67.Lx Quantum computation architectures

We use cryogenic helium buffer-gas cooling to form large densities of lithium atoms in a high-density helium gas, from which LiHe molecules form by three-body recombination. These weakly bound van der Waals molecules are detected spectroscopically, and their binding energy is measured from their equilibrium thermodynamic properties.

We present theoretical and experimental work on upconversion based mid-wavelength infrared detection using silicon detectors without the need for cryogenic cooling. We consider both multi-spectral imaging and point spectroscopy targeting several specific applications. OCIS codes: (190.7220) Upconversion; (300.6340) Spectroscopy, infrared; (100.2960) Image analysis;

Using cryogenic helium buffer-gas cooling, we have prepared dense samples of atomic lithium and molecular calcium monohydride at temperatures as low as 1 K. We have measured the Li+CaH→LiH+Ca chemical reaction, observed in both the accelerated disappearance of CaH in the presence of high densities of lithium and in the appearance of the LiH molecule.

The word, “Cryogenics” is taken from two Greek words – “kryos” which means cold or freezing, and “genes” meaning born or generated. Technologically, it means the study and use of materials (or other requirements) at very low temperatures. In general cryogenic treatment consists of slow cooling already heat treated part to approximately -196C, holding at low temperature up to prescribed period, ...

Cryogenic cooling of macromolecular crystals is commonly used for X-ray data collection both to reduce crystal damage from radiation and to gather functional information by cryogenically trapping intermediates. However, the cooling process can damage the crystals. Limiting cooling-induced crystal damage often requires cryoprotection strategies, which can involve substantial screening of solutio...