Major roads can reduce bat abundance and diversity over considerable distances. To mitigate against these effects and comply with environmental law, many European countries install bridges, gantries or underpasses to make roads permeable and safer to cross. However, through lack of appropriate monitoring, there is little evidence to support their effectiveness. Three underpasses and four bat ga...

Although Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) suppresses early stages of tumour development, it later contributes to tumour progression when cells become resistant to its suppressive effects. Therefore, defining the mechanisms that allow cancer cells to escape from the suppressive effects of TGF-β is fundamental to understand tumour progression and to design specific therapies. TGF-β plays a...

As an important information for traffic condition evaluation, trip planning, transportation management, etc., average travel speed for a road means the average speed of vehicles travelling through this road in a given time duration. Traditional ways for collecting travel-speed oriented traffic data always depend on dedicated sensors and supporting infrastructures, and are therefore financial co...

8 individuals. However whether or not the disease phenotype results from a gain or loss of function of the mutant protein is yet to be clearly established. Moreover, whether or not proteins coded by both the splice variants are involved in the etiology is yet to be tested. Nonetheless, functional studies on the EFHC1 protein, using in vitro and in vivo models, have uncovered rather unexpected p...

forests as a renewable source has effective and useful role in economic and social activities of society. network of forest roads as infrastructure division’s forest planning units (compartments) of forest management plans, management, logging, exit of wood and plays a major role forest protection. aim of this study, designed forest road network according to multi-purpose forestry using the net...

More than 60% of accidents in Iran occur within 30 kilometers of cities entrance roads. Therefore the number of accidents per kilometer in these regions, in contrast to the other parts of roads is very considerable. The city of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, is the cross point of major arterials of passenger and freight transportation. Thus the evaluation of road safety, entering and exiting t...

on natural areas and contribute to habitat fragmentation, because they are linear features that can inhibit animal movement, thereby causing barrier effects by subdividing the populations adjacent to the roads. The study presented here aims to determine, to which extent roads act as a barrier, subdividing populations of three species of small forest mammals: bank vole, yellow-necked mouse and c...

Bicycle route and safety datasets for 2963 commuter cyclists in Ottawa and Toronto, Canada containing cyclist characteristics, collision and fall history, and regular commute route, are used for this analysis. Previous analyses found sidewalk collisions, fall and injury rates significantly higher on sidewalks versus roads or paths. Of the 52 events reported on sidewalks none were reported to po...

Effects of potential barriers (roads and cultivated fields) on both demographic and genetic features of subpopulations of white-footed mice were studied near Ottawa, Canada. Live trapping, colored bait and track registry were used to study animal movements across roads on four 1.44 ha areas each within a small forest bisected by a narrow gravel road. The genetic study was done in 11 other fores...

construction of forest roads disorders the natural trend of water movement. it is vital to make ditch and cross line drainage culvert to prevent the area from being destroyed and conduct the water of streems and vallies. determination of culvert diameters depends on the information of area discharge, physiographic characteristic, vegetation cover and site land use. in order to determine the amo...