background: . the aim of this study was to investigate of relationship of musculoskeletal symptoms with weight of backpack in tehran secondary school students. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed in the city of tehran in 2009. two hundred thirteen students partici­pated in study. nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used, asking about complaints of back, neck, and/or shoulders...

Time-Delay-Estimation (TDE) has been a topic of interest in many applications in the past few decades. The emphasis of this work is on the application of model-based estimation (MBE) for TDE of ultrasonic signals used in ultrasonic thickness gaging. Ultrasonic thickness gaging is based on precise measurement of the time difference between successive echoes which reflect back from the back wall ...

Background: This research was investigated to evaluate effect of applying sunflower residues as a green manure on increasing zinc (Zn) concentration of two Iranian wheat cultivars in a Pb and cadmium (Cd) polluted soil. Methods: Treatments included the application of sunflower residuals grown in a Zn-polluted soil  at two levels of 0 and 8 t/ha, two wheat cultivars  in a soil contaminated with...

Background and Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is a world health problem and a major cause of disability. Also, LBP is a major occupational problem among nursing staff. The study is to determine low back pain, disability, quality of life (QOL) and the associations between LBP with job-related risk factors and dimensions of QOL in nurses. Materials and Methods:  In this study cross-sectional descr...

background low back pain (lbp) is the most common and multifactor problem among the commercial drivers and the individual, social, psychological and occupational factors have important role in intensifying this pain. in various studies, the role of spiritual factor was investigated less compared to other factors. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of religious belief...

objective: low back pain is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide that 50% to 80% of people experience it at least once in their lifetime. physical and psychological factors in the work environment can relatively contribute to low back pain. in this study, we examined the prevalence of low back pain and influential factors in its development among nursing staff.   methods: in this cross-s...

background: although clbp rarely threatens the humans’ lives, those individuals suffering from such pain experience a variety of health-related problems and difficulties such as physical disability. this study aimed to determine the relationship between low back pain and physical disability among nurses working in pastor hospital of bam, kerman, iran.   methods and material: this cross sectiona...