In this article, we investigate an artificial traffic model on scale-free networks. Instead of using the routing strategy of the shortest path, a generalized routing algorithm is introduced to improve the transportation throughput, which is measured by the value of the critical point disjoining the free-flow phase and the congested phase. By using the detrended fluctuation analysis, we found th...

Predicting the onset of hydrate nucleation in oil pipelines is one of the most challenging aspects in the flow assurance modelling work being performed at the Center for Hydrate Research. Nucleation is initiated by a random fluctuation which is able to overcome the energy barrier for the phase transition, once such a fluctuation occurs, further growth is energetically favourable. Historically t...

We report a systematic investigation of dynamical fluctuation effects in the frequency-dependent microwave conductivity (45 MHz–45 GHz) of YBa2Cu3O72d thin films for T * Tc. Our measurements directly yield a dynamical critical exponent z in the range 2.3–3.0, and the fluctuation lifetime tfl, which diverges more quickly than Gaussian theory predicts as the temperature approaches Tc from above, ...

We measure the thermal fluctuation of the internal segments of a piece of DNA confined in a nanochannel about 50-100 nm wide. This local thermodynamic property is key to accurate measurement of distances in genomic analysis. For DNA in ~100 nm channels, we observe a critical length scale ~10 m for the mean extension of internal segments, below which the de Gennes' theory describes the fluctuati...

Some critical trends in information theory, its role in living systems and utilization in fluctuation theory are discussed. The mutual information of thermodynamic coupling is incorporated into the generalized fluctuation theorem by using information theory and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Thermodynamically coupled dissipative structures in living systems are capable of degrading more energy,...

In nonrelativistic field theories, quantum fluctuations give rise to dissipative behavior even at zero temperature. Here we use holographic methods to explore the dissipative dynamics of massive particles coupled to quantum critical theories. We present analytic expressions for correlation functions and response functions. The behavior changes qualitatively as the dynamical exponent passes thro...

It is well known that nothing comes from nothing. In physics, however, this is not always the case. Surprisingly indeed, two electrically neutral conducting metallic plates placed in vacuum about half a micrometer apart attract each other, even at zero temperature, due to a force which was theoretically predicted in 1948 by the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir [1]. This force originates from the...

The irregular reversals of wind direction in convective turbulence are found to have fluctuating intervals that can be related, under certain circumstances, to critical behavior. In particular, by focusing on its temporal evolution, the net magnetization of a two-dimensional Ising lattice of finite size is observed to fluctuate in the same way. Detrended fluctuation analysis of the wind reversa...

We obtain exact expressions for the two-time autocorrelation and response functions of the -dimensional linear Glauber model. Although this linear model does not obey detailed balance in dimensions d > or = 2, we show that the usual form of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio still holds in the stationary regime. In the transient regime, we show the occurrence of aging, with a special limit of th...