A national survey of front line police officers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding detection and processing of driving while impaired (DWI) charges, the criminal court proceedings, and DWI sanctions was conducted. A sample of 1545 officers representative o f all jurisdictions across the country, different types of services (i.e., national, provincial, municipal) and types of policing (i.e., t...

Behavioural analysis of criminal law exploits social science methodologies (behavioural economics, psychology and even sociology) to explore the effects of criminal law norms on criminals, judges, juries and other decision-makers, to determine the optimal type and size of criminal sanctions, to identify the optimal design of the enforcement system and the rules of evidence. Behavioural analysis...

In this paper, I construct a simple model that illustrates conditions under which increased criminal sanctions can lead to increased levels of crime. This finding is derived from the interaction of binding budgetary constraints and plea bargaining, given that the costs of trial are assumed to be increasing in the size of sanction. In an environment with these institutional features, maximal san...

Environmental crimes are unauthorized acts against the environment that are subject to criminal prosecution and sanction. While their deterrence e¤ect is largely unknown, policy is moving rapidly towards strengthening the role of criminal sanctioning in the context of environmental crime. This paper provides new evidence on the e¤ects of the use of criminal sanctions in environmental policy mak...

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Infections of the central nervous system can damage the brain and cause abnormal behavior. In this article, the authors examine how behavior is affected by damage to different parts of the brain. They then focus on damage caused by specific infections of the brain and how these can result in abnormal behavior with legal consequences. Examples of such infections include neurosyphilis, encephalit...

In the last fifteen years four measures to reduce (in)directly the number of cases of drunken driving were introduced in the Netherlands. These measures are: the Law of administrative enforcement of traffic regulations, the administrative withdrawal of the driver’s license, the administrative confiscation of the vehicles and the educational measure alcohol and traffic. This paper deals with the...